Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 31, Issue 2
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
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Review
  • Insect juvenile hormone action as a potential target of pest management
    Chieka Minakuchi, Lynn M. Riddiford
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 77-84
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.77
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    Juvenile hormone (JH) is a sesquiterpenoid hormone that regulates growth and development in insects. Since JH is a hormone specific to insects and other arthropods, compounds disrupting JH action in insects are expected to be ideal insecticides with low toxicity to non-target organisms. Many natural or synthetic analogs with JH-like or anti-JH activity have been identified, and some potent JH mimics have been used as insecticides. Recent studies on the enzymes in JH biosynthetic and metabolic pathways should be helpful for the discovery of more potent analogs and for the establishment of new means of pest management using recombinant DNA technology. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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Original Articles
  • Resistance buster compounds for MBI-D insensitive rice blast fungus—Inquiry on effective compounds among derivatives of MBI-D fungicides—
    Yoshio Kurahashi, Shinzo Kagabu, Naoki Yamada, Yu Mitsugi, Maiko Shimi ...
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 85-94
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.85
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    Effective molecules against resistant strains of Pyricularia oyzae to the melanin biosynthesis inhibitors (MBI-D) were designed by modifying the amine and acid parts of carpropamid {(1RS,3SR)-2,2-dichloro-N-[(R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropanecarboxamide}. Substitution of the 1-phenylethylamine moiety with a 2-phenylethylamine increased the inhibitory activity against MBI-D-resistant strains. Reduction of the bulkiness of the amine part by replacing the benzene ring of 2-phenylethylamine with thiophene was effective to improve the activity. Among the derivatives, 5-chloro-3-ethylthiophene compounds showed the highest efficacy. Through the studies regarding structure–activity relationship of the compounds with five-membered heterocyclic rings, the discovery of new resistance buster compounds could be prospective. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Fungicidal activities of cyflufenamid against various plant-pathogenic fungi
    Masahiro Haramoto, Homare Yamanaka, Hiroshi Sano, Shinsuke Sano, Hiros ...
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 95-101
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.95
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    The activity of a novel fungicide, cyflufenamid, (Z)-N-[α-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino)-2,3-difluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2-phenylacetamide, against various fungi pathogenic to plants was investigated. In pot tests, cyflufenamid showed excellent control of powdery mildew caused by various pathogens at 0.8 to 1.6 ppm. In culture tests, several species of Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes were sensitive to cyflufenamid. Notably, Monilinia fructicola was affected at a concentration of just 0.01 ppm. In the life cycle of pathogens causing powdery mildew in wheat, cyflufenamid did not affect infections before the formation of the appressoria, but significantly inhibited the formation of haustoria, colonies, and spores. It also affected the elongation of germ tubes after the germination of spores in M. fructicola. In ultrastructural experiments, cyflufenamid induced a reduction in the amount of highly electron-dense material in the vacuoles and immature septa in M. fructicola. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Sex- and species-dependent difference of methoxychlor O-demethylation by rat and mouse liver microsomes
    Kazutoshi Ohyama, Kiyoshi Sato, Yasuhiro Kato
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 102-109
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.102
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    The in vitro metabolism of methoxychlor (MXC) and its mono-demethylated metabolites (mono-OH-MXC, including (R)- and (S)-enantiomers), was investigated using liver microsomes from rats and mice to rationalize the sex-dependent difference of MXC metabolism in rats. Kinetic analyses based on Eadie–Hofstee plots suggested that multiple enzymes were involved in MXC O-demethylation, whereas O-demethylation of mono-OH-MXC followed a standard one-enzyme model in all animal species studied. The kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km) indicated that enhanced enzymatic efficiency (CLint) in male rats was the cause of the sex-dependent metabolism of MXC in rats, while no such marked sex difference was observed in mice. It further appeared that female rats showed great enantioselectivity in O-demethylation that seemed to also be responsible for the sex-dependent metabolism. © Pesticide Science Sociey of Japan
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  • Quantitative structure–activity relationships of imidacloprid and its analogs with substituents at the C5 position on the pyridine ring in the neuroblocking activity
    Keiichiro Nishimura, Kazuhisa Kiriyama, Shinzo Kagabu
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 110-115
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.110
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    Two nerve activities of imidacloprid analogs with various substituents at the 5-position of the pyridine ring were measured: the conduction blockage in the excised central nerve cord of the American cockroach, and the binding inhibition of a radioligand, [3H]imidacloprid, to the membrane preparation of housefly-head homogenates. Neuroblocking activity was quantitatively analyzed using physicochemical substituent parameters. The greater the electron-releasing resonance effect, the higher the activity. The introduction of sizable and alkoxy substituents was unfavorable. The nerve-binding activity of the tested compounds was linearly related to the neuroblocking activity with one exception. The higher the binding activity, the higher the blocking activity. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Control efficacy of cyflufenamid in the field and its fungicidal properties
    Masahiro Haramoto, Homare Yamanaka, Hiroyasu Hosokawa, Hiroshi Sano, S ...
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 116-122
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.116
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    The control efficacy of a novel fungicide, cyflufenamid, (Z)-N-[α-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino)-2,3-difluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl) benzyl]-2-phenylacetamide was studied. In field trials, a low dosage (25 ppm) of cyflufenamid (10%WG) showed excellent efficacy in almost all plants against powdery mildew caused by various pathogens in agricultural production. Cyflufenamid also had high efficacy against brown rot in stone fruits caused by Monilinia fructicola. The fungicidal properties of cyflufenamid were investigated to elucidate the high performance of the compound in the field. Pot tests against cucumber powdery mildew indicated that cyflufenamid has excellent preventive, curative, long residual, translaminar and vapor phase activities at low concentrations. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Applicability of ELISA in pesticide monitoring to control runoff of bensulfuron-methyl and simetryn from paddy fields
    Hirozumi Watanabe, My Hoang Tra Nguyen, Souphasay Komany, Son Hong Vu, ...
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 123-129
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.123
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    The applicability of ELISA kits was evaluated as an alternative to monitor bensulfuron-methyl and simetryn behavior in paddy water under intermittent (Plot 1) and continuous (Plot 2) irrigation schemes. Simetryn concentrations in both plots decreased exponentially from the peak of the first day. However, the simetryn kit systematically underestimated by a factor of 0.79 as compared to the GC method. Bensulfuron-methyl concentrations exhibited similar dissipation kinetics in paddy water and the drainage water. The bensulfuron-methyl kit was capable of distinguishing spatial variations of concentrations in the paddy field. The ELISA kits clearly indicated differences in the loss of both herbicides between the two plots and therefore may be useful for evaluating the water management practice of pesticide runoff control in paddy fields. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Synthesis and plant growth-regulating activities of L-lactic acid derivatives of 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid
    Eiji Kageyama, Masato Katayama, Yuko Masui, Koji Kageyama, Youichi Kaw ...
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 130-138
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.130
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    The ester derivatives of 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA) with L-lactic acid and L-lactic acid esters were synthesized by two schemes from 4-Cl-IAA and L-lactic acid or its esters. Their biological activities were determined by three bioassays (hypocotyl growth inhibition in Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis cv. Kinshu), hypocotyl swelling and lateral root formation in black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper), and adventitious root formation in black gram cuttings). All the L-lactic acid ester derivatives had strong activities in the three bioassays, but their activities were somewhat weaker than those of 4-Cl-IAA in the first two bioassays. Root formation activity of some esters in cuttings was higher than, or the same as, that of 4-Cl-IAA. At 1×10−5 M, roots induced by the esters were about 2 to 4 times those of 4-(3-indole)butyric acid (IBA). Unexpectedly, the free lactic acid derivative had the weakest activity of all the lactic acid derivatives tested in all bioassays. © Pesticide Science Sociey of Japan
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  • A novel function of housefly glutathione S-transferase 6B—Its effect on the retention and increase of insecticidal activity of the insecticide prothiofos
    Masayuki Sue, Tsuyoshi Mikawa, Takashi Ueda, Youhei Nomoto, Toru Miyam ...
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 139-145
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.139
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    Housefly glutathione S-transferases 1, 3, 4, 6A and 6B were obtained from organophosphorus (OP)-resistant Yachiyo and susceptible Takatsuki strains, respectively. Over 90% homology was found between isozymes 6A and 6B but their functions differed in desethylation metabolism. Yachiyo-6A produced more desethyl product of diazinon oxon than Takatsuki-6A, thus suggesting that it plays a central role in the development of O-alkyl phosphate-type OP resistance. On the other hand, unlike Takatsuki-6B, Yachiyo-6B barely achieved the desethylation of prothiofos oxon and the resultant effect was more in the direction of resistance suppression. However, the chief role played by 6B with regard to prothiofos was the exclusive desethylation of S-oxide, which is the oxidative product of prothiofos oxon, thus giving desethyl S-oxide with insecticidal activity and bringing forth a novel active intermediate along with S-oxide. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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Notes
The Society Award Lectures (abstract)
  • Studies on insect behavior regulators
    Tetsu Ando
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 159-160
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.159
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    In addition to conventional insecticides, damage by pest insects could be prevented by controlling their behavior using chemicals, such as pheromones. Lepidopteran sex pheromones with strong attraction are one of the most promising chemicals. Analytical methods for the identification of pheromones, their synthesis, application for agriculture, and biosynthetic studies concerned with pathways, inhibitors, and an activating endocrine system are reviewed. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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  • Development of a novel plant activator for rice diseases, tiadinil
    Kenji Tsubata, Kiyoshi Kuroda, Yoshinobu Yamamoto, Noriaki Yasokawa
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 161-162
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.161
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    Tiadinil is a novel systemic fungicide for rice diseases discovered and developed by Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd. The compound is characterized by a unique heterocyclic moiety, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, and a unique mode of action of inducing the plant defense mechanism against a pathogen. The lead compound was found in the synthesis research of 1,2,3-thiadiazole chemistry with the appropriate screening system. Both application methods, nursery box and into-water applications, can be used in rice cultivation. It shows excellent activity against rice blast and also exhibits activity against some rice bacterial diseases. Tiadinil has a favorable toxicological, eco-toxicological and kinetic profile. © Pesticide Science Sociey of Japan
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  • Development of a novel lepidopteran insect control agent, chromafenozide
    Mikio Yanagi, Yoshihisa Tsukamoto, Tetsuo Watanabe, Akiyoshi Kawagishi
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 163-164
    Published: 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.163
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    Chromafenozide is a novel dibenzoylhydrazine insecticide that was developed in the collaborative research project between Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and Sankyo Co., Ltd., and is categorized to be an insect hormone-ecdysone agonist. Two formulations of chromafenozide and one combination formulation with silafluofen are available in Japan under the trade names of MATRIC® FL, MATRIC® DL and MATRICJOKER® DL, respectively. Chromafenozide is found to be significantly potent against various lepidopterous insects, but at the same time almost non-toxic to non-lepidopterous species, including pollinators, predators and parasitoids. As chromafenozide has a low toxicity profile in mammals and non-target organisms described above, and has minimum impact on the environment, it would be an ideal agent for integrated pest management (IPM). © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
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PART II (IN JAPANESE)
The Society Award Lectures
Original Article (with abstract in English)
  • Application of combination column of macroporous diatomaceous earth and graphitized carbon black for pesticide residue analysis
    Kazuaki Iijima, Machiko Saka, Yoshitsugu Odanaka, Yasuhiro Kato, Makot ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2006 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 190-202
    Published: May 20, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.190
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    An analytical method for pesticide residue for agricultural products was developed using combination column of macroporous diatomaceous earth (MDE) and graphitized carbon black (GCB). The on-column liquid–liquid partition was performed by the following procedure. The concentrated sample extract was diluted with an equal volume of acetonitrile and transferred into the MDE column, and the residue pesticides were eluted with hexane. It was possible to elute the non-polar pesticides (log POW>4.3) from the MDE column by using a smaller volume of organic solvent. One hundred-seventy-three of 238 pesticides were recovered at more than 70% with hexane from the MDE columns when applied in acetonitrile–water (1 : 1, v/v) solution. After eluting from the MDE column, the elution profiles with the GCB cartridge indicated that the majority of pesticides could be eluted with common organic solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone. The applicability of this method was evaluated by the recovery from 5 fortified agricultural products (cucumber, spinach, tomato, carrot and chinese cabbage) at 0.02 and 2.0 μg/g. The recovery of 2 synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and 7 organic chlorine pesticides ranged from 81% to 113%, and the limit of detection was 0.005 μg/g.
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Abstracts for Original Articles
Commentaries
Technical Report
Letter to Members
Symposia
Obituary
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