Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 34, Issue 2
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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English Articles
Original Articles
  • Repellent activity of citrus oils against the cockroaches Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana and P. fuliginosa
    Changmann Yoon, Shin-Ho Kang, Jeong-Oh Yang, Doo-Jin Noh, Pandiyan Ind ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2009 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 77-88
    Published: May 25, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2009
    Advance online publication: April 28, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G07-30
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The repellent efficacy of 17 essential oils against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica was examined using a T-tube olfactometer. Five oils repelled B. germanica with good efficacy, ranging from 70.0 to 96.7%. Four of these oils, grapefruit, lemon, lime, and orange, were from the citrus family Rutaceae. These citrus essential oils showed similar repellent activity against two more cockroach species, such as Periplaneta americana and P. fuliginosa. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the major components responsible for the repellent activity of the citrus oils were limonene, β-pinene and γ-terpinene. Limonene appears to be the main component responsible for the repellent activity rather than β-pinene and γ-terpinene. The repellent efficacy of these components varied with different doses and the cockroach species tested. It is likely that minor components of the oils also contributed to the overall repellent activity of citrus essential oils, except orange oil. The activity of orange oil is almost solely attributed to the activity of limonene. Also, the repellent activity of citrus oil and that of each of the terpenoids makes little difference to the efficacy of a repellant against the three species of cockroaches.
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  • Mechanism of growth amelioration of NaCl-stressed rice (Oryza sativa L.) by δ-aminolevulinic acid
    Narong Wongkantrakorn, Yukari Sunohara, Hiroshi Matsumoto
    Article type: Original Article
    2009 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 89-95
    Published: May 25, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2009
    Advance online publication: April 20, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G08-43
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The mechanism of growth amelioration of NaCl-stressed rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) by δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was investigated. Rice growth recovered when plants were pretreated with 0.1 or 1 μM ALA before treatment with 50 mM NaCl. There was no increase in chlorophyll content by ALA treatment, indicating that the growth recovery was not due to increased chlorophyll content although ALA is a precursor of chlorophyll biosynthesis. The activities of antioxidative enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased with ALA treatment. In particular, stimulation of CAT, GR, and APx activities by ALA was significant. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content decreased after ALA treatment under NaCl-stress conditions. Peroxidation of membrane lipids, as measured by ethane evolution, also decreased after ALA treatment. These results suggest that ALA induces growth amelioration in NaCl-stressed rice by stimulating antioxidative enzyme activity, which resulted in decreased reactive oxygen generation and lipid peroxidation.
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Notes
  • 3-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)anabaseine: High-affinity ligand for Periplaneta americana nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
    Izumi Ikeda, Tsuyoshi Utsunomiya, Akihiro Hirohara, Yoshihisa Ozoe, Ka ...
    Article type: Note
    2009 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 96-99
    Published: May 25, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2009
    Advance online publication: April 28, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G08-38
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    3-Benzylideneanabaseine analogues with electron-donating ortho- and/or para-substituents on the benzene ring were synthesized. The affinity of the analogues for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the nerve cord of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.) was determined by the radioligand binding assay using [3H]epibatidine. Among the compounds tested, 3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)anabaseine (6) displayed the highest potency, with IC50 values of 3.6 nM. In contrast, 3-(4-methoxybenzylidene)anabaseine (5) showed the lowest potency (IC50=188.3 nM). Compound 6 was found to have 52-fold higher affinity than 5. 3-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine (1) and 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)anabaseine (2) showed higher potency than 5, with IC50 values of 41.6 and 63.5 nM, respectively. Compound 6 might prove to be a good lead compound for the development of novel insecticides.
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  • Spray adulticidal effects of plant oils against house mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae)
    Shin-Ho Kang, Min-Ki Kim, Doo-Jin Noh, Changmann Yoon, Gil-Hah Kim
    Article type: Note
    2009 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 100-106
    Published: May 25, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2009
    Advance online publication: April 20, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.G08-45
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We examined the adulticidal activity of 34 plant essential oils when they were sprayed on female Culex pipiens pallens adults. At concentrations of 1000 ppm, four oils, namely, cardamom, coriander, rosemary, and sandalwood, had adulticidal activities ranging from 68% to 98% at 1hr after treatment. Insecticidal efficacy decreased with all essential oils at 6 and 24 hr after treatment; however, sandalwood maintained an efficacy rate of over 85%. Sandalwood oil had the highest adulticidal activity with an LC50 value of 445 ppm at 1 hr after treatment. GC/MS analysis revealed that the major components of sandalwood oil were α-santalol (69.4%) and β-santalol (15.3%). In the insecticidal activity of major monoterpene components of the four oils, α-santalol and β-santalol proved to have the lowest LC50 values 1, 6, and 24 hr after treatment. When PBO, DEF, TPP, and DEM known inhibitors of enzyme-related insecticide resistance promotion, were mixed with each of the four essential oils, a synergistic effect was observed in the mixture of PBO (100 ppm) and sandalwood (500 ppm) up to more than 80%, and the effect was maintained up to 24 hr after treatment.
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The Society Award Lectures (abstract)
  • Studies on the mode of action and the selectivity of insecticides acting on ligand-gated ion channels in the nervous system
    Kazuhiko Matsuda
    Article type: Society Awards 2009
    2009 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 107-109
    Published: May 25, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J09-03
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    The mode of action and the mechanisms for the selectivity of neurotoxic insecticides were investigated using computational chemistry, molecular biology, homology modeling of the target site and X-ray crystallography. Whole-cell, patch-clamp electrophysiology has been used to show that non-competitive antagonists (NCAs), such as 4′-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate (EBOB) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), are more effective blockers of native cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and recombinant house fly (Musca domestica) γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs) than glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls). Site-directed mutagenesis studies have been used to show that that Ser278 in the second transmembrane region is important for determining the less potent actions of these NCAs on GluCls. The structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of the selectivity of neonicotinoids targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have also been investigated. Electrophysiological studies show that loops C and D of insect nAChRs are critical in determining the selectivity of neonicotinoids, results consistent with the crystal structures of Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein (Ls-AChBP) in complex with imidacloprid. Neonicotinoids show diverse actions on nAChRs as measured using voltage-clamp electrophysiology. Single channel recording and X-ray crystallography are helping to elucidate the mechanism of super agonist actions of clothianidin and an analog.
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  • Studies on nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites playing a defensive role in plants
    Hisashi Miyagawa
    Article type: Society Awards 2009
    2009 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 110-112
    Published: May 25, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J09-02
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    Plants have evolved various types of defense systems against invading enemies, such as herbivory animals and microbial pathogens. Upon interaction with attacking organisms, plants activate their secondary metabolism and characteristic chemical compounds are synthesized in response. Plant defense compounds contain nitrogen atoms in many cases, and are often inducible by pathogen attack, or by elicitors that are derived from or reminiscent of the parts of microbial bodies, such as cell walls and flagella. Activity of the secondary metabolism and the effects of elicitor treatment can be quantitatively analyzed by measuring metabolic flux, which reveals a dynamic aspect of metabolic change that cannot be elucidated by general snapshot analyses. Comprehensive metabolic profiling is also a useful and important technique to analyze the role of a pathway in the whole metabolic map, and to identify unknown inter-regulatory mechanisms operating in the metabolic networks of plants.
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  • Discovery and development of a new herbicide, benzobicyclon
    Ken-ichi Komatsubara, Keisuke Sekino, Yuji Yamada, Hiroshi Koyanagi, S ...
    Article type: Society Awards 2009
    2009 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 113-114
    Published: May 25, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: June 01, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.J09-01
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    Benzobicyclon is a novel paddy-bleaching herbicide that was discovered and developed by SDS Biotech K.K. It was registered in Japan in 2001 and launched in various combinations with excellent formulations. The compound is characterized by a unique bicyclooctane skeleton with a phenylthio-enol ether structure acting as a chemical slow releaser of the triketone system during p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibition. Benzobicyclon shows broad-spectrum activity against annual grass, sedge, and broadleaf weeds without causing phytotoxic injury to transplanted/direct-seeded rice. At doses of 200–300 g a.i./ha, benzobicyclon has a wide application window and exhibits long residual activity against Scirpus juncoides. Benzobicyclon has favorable toxicological, ecotoxicological, and environmental profiles.
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Notice
PART II (IN JAPANESE)
Greetings from new president
The Society Award Lectures
Abstracts of Articles in Part I
Commentary
Symposia
Book Review
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