Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
Volume 38, Issue 3
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
Original Articles
  • Shinichi Banba, Yukihiro Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki Katsuta
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 91-95
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 15, 2013
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    Supplementary material
    Positional isomers of various aromatic heterocyclic carboxamides were synthesized and their fungicidal activity was examined. Among them, N-(biphenyl-2-yl) and N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-3-thienyl]-1-methyl-3-CF3-pyrazole-4-carboxamides showed high activity against gray mold, while their corresponding 5-CF3 carboxamide isomers showed no fungicidal activity. Similar results were observed for carboxamide isomers containing CF3-thiazole as well as methyl-substituted thiophene and furan derivatives. Docking studies were performed on these carboxamides with a fungus succinate dehydrogenase homology model. Based on our docking study, we proposed a model for the interaction between carboxamides and a conserved histidine residue in succinate dehydrogenase.
  • Taiji Miyake, Yuki Yagasaki, Kenichiro Nakashima, Shinzo Kagabu
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 96-104
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 14, 2013
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    The structure of the commercial fungicide hymexazol, 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol, was transformed to acyloxy, 3-alkoxy, alkylcarbamoyloxy and acylamino derivatives, and their antifungal activities or disease control activities were examined. The 3-acyloxy derivatives were much more active than the other derivatives, and some of the 3-acyloxy derivatives exhibited antifungal activities or disease control activities against a wide range of pathogens, such as Pyrenophora graminea, Alternaria alternata, Cercospora beticola, Rhynchosporium secalis, Septoria tritici, Microdochium nivale, Rhizoctonia solani, Puccinia recondita, and Blumeria graminis. Among them, 5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl (α)-naphthoate and (o)-toluate and 2,2-dichloro-1,3,3-trimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani and M. nivale at 25 mg/L, respectively.
  • Jutiporn Thussagunpanit, Kanapol Jutamanee, Lily Kaveeta, Witith Chai- ...
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 105-111
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 14, 2013
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    Heat stress is associated with a reduction in pollen germination and seed setting of rice. Brassinosteroids have been reported to counteract some stresses on plant growth and development. We investigated the effects of an exogenously applied brassinosteroid, (24-epibrassinolide; EBR) and an ecdysone analogue (7,8-dihydro-8α-20-hydroxyecdysone; DHECD) against heat stress on pollen viability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Pathum Thani 1. The plants were treated with either EBR or DHECD and exposed to a day/night heat stress regime of 40/30°C for 7 days. The results demonstrated that 0.001 µM of either chemical was effective for increasing pollen viability and reducing pollen bursting. Furthermore, these chemical treatments conferred resistance to heat stress in in vivo pollen germination and seed setting. Consequently, these results suggest EBR and DHECD should alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress by improving pollen germination and seed setting and enable rice to withstand high temperature stress.
  • Satoshi Kanaoka, Yasuhisa Kimura, Masaaki Fujikawa, Yoshiaki Nakagawa, ...
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 112-122
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 26, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 14, 2013
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    P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family. It actively transports a wide variety of compounds out of cells and functions as an energy-dependent efflux pump to protect humans from xenobiotics. P-gp also plays an important role in multidrug resistance in the treatment of cancers. However, the mechanism of P-gp substrate recognition is complicated and still poorly understood. In this study, we screened diverse chemicals, especially agrochemicals by measuring the ATPase activity of human P-gp and found that several classes of chemicals including dibenzoylhydrazine (DBH) insecticides could be substrates of P-gp. ATPase activity was quantitatively analyzed using a 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), and the favorable and unfavorable properties of ligands for ATPase activity were clarified. We also performed a docking simulation of a DBH-type compound with P-gp to predict the binding mode, which was supported by the CoMFA results.
  • Toshifumi Nakao, Kangetsu Hirase
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 123-128
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 14, 2013
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    Novel meta-diamides [3-benzamido-N-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)benzamides] are a distinct class of RDL GABA receptor antagonists with high larvicidal activity against Spodoptera litura. Genotyping showed that the S. litura RDL GABA receptor subunit (SL-RDL) gene had Ser at its 2′ position, which was widely distributed among field S. litura larvae in Japan. We investigated the modes of action of meta-diamides on SL-RDLbd homomers using a membrane potential assay. S2′N and T6′V mutations had profound effects on the inhibitory activities of fipronil and α-endosulfan, whereas these mutations had no effect on the inhibitory activities of meta-diamides. In contrast, a G319M mutation abolished the inhibitory activities of meta-diamides, whereas it had only a small effect on the activities of fipronil and α-endosulfan. These results suggest that the site of action of meta-diamides is near G319 in the third transmembrane segment of SL-RDL homomers, which is distinct from those of fipronil and α-endosulfan.
  • Per Løfstrøm, Marianne Bruus, Helle Vibeke Andersen, Christian Kjær, D ...
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 129-138
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 28, 2013
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    Supplementary material
    In order to predict the exposure of hedgerows and other neighboring biotopes to pesticides from field-spray applications, an existing Gaussian atmospheric dispersion and deposition model was developed to model the changes in droplet size due to evaporation affecting the deposition velocity. The Gaussian tilting plume principle was applied inside the stayed track. The model was developed on one set of field experiments using a flat-fan nozzle and validated against another set of field experiments using an air-induction nozzle. The vertical spray-drift profile was measured using hair curlers at increasing distances. The vertical concentration profile downwind has a maximum just above the ground in our observations and calculations. The model accounts for the meteorological conditions, droplet ejection velocity and size spectrum. Model validation led to an R2 value of 0.78, and 91% of the calculated drift values were within a factor of four of the measurements.
Notes
Society Awards 2013
  • Yudai Hotta
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 161-163
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 14, 2013
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    The life cycle impact assessment of chemicals in the environment is essential for establishing an environmentally conscious, material-recycling society. To understand the life cycle of chemicals through the environmental problems arising from the alkylphenol polyethoxylate (APEOn) issue, our research has focused as follows; (1) clarification of environmental fate based on interaction between bacteria and environmental factors; (2) establishment of a rapid and simple bacterial identification method. Environmental elements, such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+, may influence the activity and rate of APEOn biodegradation in the environment. A highly reliable method for phylogenetic analysis at the strain level, named the S10-GERMS (S10-spc-alpha operon gene encoded ribosomal protein mass spectrum) method, was developed using bacterial ribosomal subunit proteins as theoretical biomarkers encoded in the S10-spc-alpha operon with a validation procedure.
  • Yusuke Suzuki
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 164-166
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 14, 2013
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    A novel approach to detect short-lived free radicals was investigated by combining a radical-trapping technique with highly sensitive and selective fluorescence spectroscopy. The generated benzyl radicals formed via homolytic cleavage of the ester linkage by photochemical decarboxylation of fenvalerate could be trapped by a nitroxide spin label possessing a primary amino group. The instantaneous and quantitative reaction of the resultant trapping adducts with fluorescamine, a specific fluorescent probe precursor for a primary amino compound, formed the highly fluorescent derivatives suitable for fluorescence-detection HPLC. The chemical structures of the fluorescence derivatives were identified by LC/MS spectrometry.
  • Yuuji Yanase, Hiroyuki Katsuta, Kanji Tomiya, Miki Enomoto, Osamu Saka ...
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 167-168
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 14, 2013
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    Penthiopyrad is a novel fungicide belonging to the carboxamide group. This compound was discovered by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., and launched in Japan in 2010 under the trade name Affet® SC in the fruit and the vegetable market and in 2009 under the name Gaia® WDG in the turf market. Penthiopyrad has broad antifungal spectrum of not only Basidiomycetes but also Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes, and as a result, the broad antifungal spectrum contributes to its excellent ability to control various kinds of diseases on important crops in one treatment.
  • Masahiro Fujita, Kazuaki Iijima
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 169-170
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 14, 2013
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    To evaluate the various factors affecting pesticide residue levels in Japanese raw agricultural commodities (RACs), acetamiprid and cypermethrin residues in apple, broccoli, cabbage, grape, and sweet pepper samples were investigated. The individual variations of pesticide residue levels in apples were greater than other factors, such as field-to-field variations and separate analyses of edible and inedible portions. The results from various RACs indicate that differences in the distributions of the two pesticides might be due to the influence of various factors, such as differences in crop species, plant cultivation methods, and physicochemical properties of the pesticides. The statistical results indicate that a sufficient sampling size is required to obtain accurate analytical results. This study provided valuable information on estimating variations in pesticide residue levels in RACs in accordance with Japanese common agricultural practices.
  • Takumi Yoshimura, Toshihiro Ikeuchi, Shuji Ohno, Sohei Asakura, Yusuke ...
    2013Volume 38Issue 3 Pages 171-172
    Published: August 20, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2013
    Advance online publication: August 14, 2013
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    Pyrimisulfan is a novel paddy herbicide that was discovered and developed by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; Ihara Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; and K-I Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd. It was registered in Japan in 2010 and launched the first one-shot herbicide containing only one active ingredient (a.i.) developed with our original formulation technology. The compound is sulfonanilide, having a pyrimidinyl-containing group at the 2′-position and an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor. Pyrimisulfan shows broad-spectrum weed control against annual grass, sedge, broadleaf, and sulfonylurea-resistant weeds without causing phytotoxic injury to rice. At doses of 50–75 g a.i./ha, pyrimisulfan has a wide application window and exhibits long residual activity against these weeds. Pyrimisulfan has favorable toxicological, ecotoxicological, and environmental profiles.
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