Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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Volume 40, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
  • Relationship between plant uptake of pesticides and water-extractable residue in Japanese soils
    Yutaka Motoki, Takashi Iwafune, Nobuyasu Seike, Takashi Otani, Yoshihi ...
    2015 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 175-183
    Published: November 20, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2015
    Advance online publication: October 28, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D15-017
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    The relationship between pesticide concentrations in Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) shoots and the extractable concentrations in soils by a sequential soil-extraction method was investigated in 8 pesticides and in 4 soils. Concentrations of many pesticides in Komatsuna shoots showed higher positive correlation with water-extractable than with total-extractable soil concentrations. We also examined the effects of the soil-aging periods (SAPs) between pesticide applications and sowing on pesticide concentrations in Komatsuna shoots. Pesticide concentrations in Komatsuna shoots and soil-water extracts decreased with increasing SAPs. These results imply that estimating the pesticide concentrations in crops based on water-extractable concentrations in soil and setting the appropriate SAPs prevent contamination of crops by pesticide residues in soil. However, the correlation between pesticide concentrations in Komatsuna shoots and water extracts in soils, and the effectiveness of pesticide reduction in Komatsuna shoots by setting long SAPs differed according to the pesticide type. Hence, the applicability of the water-extraction method should be verified for each pesticide.
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  • Dynamics of clopyralid herbicide during composting in small composting experiment units
    Munehiro Ebato, Ryuichi Uegaki, Madoka Sutoh
    2015 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 184-190
    Published: November 20, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2015
    Advance online publication: November 07, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D14-107
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    Owing to its long persistence in the environment, residual clopyralid in compost has emerged as a problem worldwide. We mixed 9 kg by weight of dairy cow manure and 3 kg by weight of straw, and a clopyralid solution was added to each of three 3-kg aliquots until the clopyralid concentrations were 0, 6.7, and 20 mg/kg, respectively. To understand its fate during composting, the samples were composted in small composting experiment units for 77 days. Samples were collected at 7, 13, 18, 25, 32, 42, 57, and 77 days; each time, the composts were turned. Clopyralid was concentrated in the compost during primary fermentation and slowly decomposed during secondary fermentation. The ease of elution of clopyralid during composting shows that drainage must be managed during the composting of materials that might contain clopyralid.
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  • Studies of factors influencing the disintegration performance of pesticide water dispersible granules
    Shuang-yuan Cheng, Ze-quan Liu, Qiang Zhang
    2015 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 191-199
    Published: November 20, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2015
    Advance online publication: October 27, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D15-030
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    Disintegration property is an important parameter for evaluating the performance of pesticide water dispersible granules (WDGs). The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of pore size and pore-size distribution formed during granulation and the drying process on the disintegration property of WDGs. It was found that the pore sizes of 10% difenoconazole WDGs, prepared by adding NH4HCO3 as the pore-forming agent, were mostly within 4–25 µm. Among different drying methods, the vacuum-drying technique was responsible for a bigger capillary porosity, due to the more rapid evaporation of water. Larger pore sizes of WDGs prepared with a stronger hydrophobic polycarboxylate dispersant were obtained, as the water evaporation rate increased with increased hydrophobicity of WDGs during the drying process. The disintegration results of WDGs confirmed that a larger pore size was advantageous to the disintegration. Thus, we suggest that pore size is the key factor that significantly influences WDG disintegration performance.
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  • Difference in the matrix components by cleanup methods between the notified multiresidue pesticide analysis method in Japan and the QuEChERS method
    Kuniyo Sugitate, Kazuyuki Yamashita, Sadao Nakamura
    2015 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 200-207
    Published: November 20, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2015
    Advance online publication: November 07, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D15-031
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    Although the interest of the QuEChERS method has been increasing in Japan due to its simplified method, there is no information on the difference in cleanup degree between the official method for multiresidue pesticide analysis in Japan and the QuEChERS method. The purpose of this study was to compare the matrix components remaining in the sample extracts prepared using two different methods. A metabolomics technique was used to investigate the matrix components. The result showed that sugars, flavonoids, and fatty acids remained in the sample extracts using the QuEChERS method. The lack of a buffer solution and insufficient dehydration were considered as reasons for the remaining sugars and flavonoids. In the case of fatty acids, the ion exchange interaction was insufficient using dispersive SPE. Whichever preparation was used, matrices specific to the sample, such as caffeine in powdered green tea, capsaicins in chili peppers, or gingerols in ginger, remained.
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  • Calcium carbonate nanoparticles can enhance plant nutrition and insect pest tolerance
    Kuo-Hsun Hua, Hsiang-Chuan Wang, Ren-Shih Chung, Ju-Chun Hsu
    2015 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 208-213
    Published: November 20, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2015
    Advance online publication: November 07, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D15-025
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    Nanoparticles and nanotechnology have been applied in agriculture, including for plant nutrition improvement, and pest control. Little research has been conducted on nano-calcium carbonate in plant protection and nutrition. In this study, we compared the effects of nano-calcium carbonate and colloidal calcium carbonate and found that nano-calcium carbonate treatments were better at increasing calcium content when sprayed on Tankan (Citrus tankan) leaves. Field tests on California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) and Oriental fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis) both showed that nano-calcium yielded better control rates. Moreover, bioassays of Oriental fruit flies conducted using calcium carbonate particles yielded lower LC50 values for nano-calcium. Additionally, nano-calcium performed better in terms of protection efficacy against oviposition punctures from Oriental fruit flies on the Indian jujube. Nano-calcium yielded better overall results than colloidal calcium for fertilization, plant protection, and pest control.
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Short Communication
  • Strigolactones are transported from roots to shoots, although not through the xylem
    Xiaonan Xie, Kaori Yoneyama, Takaya Kisugi, Takahito Nomura, Kohki Aki ...
    2015 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 214-216
    Published: November 20, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2015
    Advance online publication: October 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D15-045
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    Strigolactones (SLs) mainly produced in roots move upward to shoots and inhibit axillary bud outgrowth. However, SLs were not detected by LC-MS/MS in xylem saps collected from rice, tomato, cucumber, tobacco, sorghum, and Arabidopsis. d1-Orobanchol and d6-4-deoxyorobanchol that were fed to roots of rice plants were detected in shoots harvested 20 hr after treatment, although not in the xylem sap. These results imply that both endogenous and exogenous SLs are transported from roots to shoots, although not through the xylem.
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