This study investigated the effect of procedural fairness on social acceptance relating to NIMBY projects. We hypothesized that changes in people's attitude would depend on whether they were able to understand the project's content or not and how fair they perceived the procedure to be. We predicted that when people are not able to understand the content, procedural fairness becomes an important factor influencing acceptance. That is, people are more likely to accept a project when they perceive the procedure as being fair than when they see it as unfair. And when people are able to understand content, the effect of procedural fairness varies depending on how diffcult it is for respondents to assess the content. The difference of acceptance between fair and unfair is greater when the content is vague than when the content is clear for participants. The results of our experiments supported our hypothesis. Finally, we discussed how to apply procedural fairness to maximize acceptance on public projects.

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 The public transportation service has many factors of the deterrence, such as fixed operating time and distance to the bus stop. To promote the use of the service, it is necessary to eliminate or decrease the deterrence. Especially in aged society, it is important for the service planners to understand the key factors of the deterrence recognized by the elders. However, critical factors may be different from physical functions of each person. In this paper, physical functions are estimated using item response theory and then the probability that each factor is recognized as deterrence is measured. Finally it is shown that the probability is highly affected by the physical functions of the elders.

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 In this paper we propose a theoretical framework that incorporates both social and transportation networks into an equilibrium model of social interactions in order to examine how the level and the spatial pattern of communication between agents depend on both networks. By analyzing the model, we obtain the Nash equilibrium communication demand which is achieved as a result of the utility-maximizing behavior of the agents and analyze the relationship between topology of social networks and the equilibrium level of social interactions by a simple numerical example. Furthermore, we declare that the market equilibrium is not efficient because of the positive externality of social interactions and examine the value of the subsidy that could support the first-best allocation as an equilibrium.

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 This paper analyzed the factors relevant to fatal and serious accidents on rural federal roads in Malaysia. The objective is to identify the dangerous vehicle movements and factors significant to fatal-serious accidents at access points (non-signalized minor junctions) and to suggest countermeasures. This research carried out numerous surveys to observe various traffic movements including right and left turns, from minor or major roads, and other characteristics, to construct accident analysis models. One of the findings was that right-turn motorcycles caused serious conflicts and were the most dangerous movement. Based on this finding, this paper examined the driver behavior of gap acceptance and serious conflicts using our proposed four gap patterns for a right-turn vehicle from minor to major roads at an access point. Further analysis was performed to identify the gap pattern and factors relevant to the serious conflicts. The results demonstrate that right-turn vehicles, especially motorcycles, apparently intend to start turning right in a very short gap and the approaching speed and the gap between a pair of vehicles from different directions in the mainstream are the critical factors causing serious conflicts to the right-turn vehicles.

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