It is important to facilitate the communication in workshop so that the participants may be convinced with the result of workshop. In this study, we analyzed the relation between communication apprehension and conviction of participants. As a result, communication apprehension is not only related to the degree of conviction with result but also it is related to the degree of conviction with time allocation. It is also said that facilitators should proceed the discussion efficiently since the participants with low communication apprehension, who would have much conversation, tend to be unconvinced with time allocation. Moreover, the experts should pay attentions to the atrophy of participants because of high communication apprehension and low conviction in workshops facilitated by experts.

 The heavy rain event of July 2020 caused flooding and landslides mainly in the south of Kumamoto Prefecture, resulting in a huge disaster of 86 dead and missing. We conducted a questionnaire survey on a change in evacuation awareness that change over time according to river conditions and awareness of disasters in Hitoyoshi City, Kuma Village, and Sakamoto Town, Yatsushiro City in Kumamoto Prefecture, which suffered the most damage. Then, using the results of these questionnaires, we estimated a decision making model of evacuation based on situational awareness that changes with the progress of heavy rain. From the analysis of the questionnaire results and the evacuation awareness model, as for the factors that encourage horizontal evacuation, the stimuli that promote situational awareness such as evacuation calls and river flooding were more significant than disaster preparedness such as confirmation of hazard maps and confirmation of evacuation sites and evacuation information such as evacuation advisories and evacuation orders.

 Bridge management system (BMS) that serve an effective maintenance strategy became a popular issue especially in such severe financial circumstance. However, the deterioration prediction model that is a core component of BMS gives a big prediction gap from actual bridge condition. One of the reasons is from scattering of deterioration degree of the actual bridge, which is not considered in most of the prediction models. This paper proposes a methodology to consider the scattering of deterioration to mockup the actual bridge condition, and to correct prediction error by bridge inspection results (obtained from Kochi prefecture). The scattering range is controlled by deterioration speed that ranges from zero to a sufficient deterioration speed that able to represent the whole scattering. However, inspection result have the measurement error and the time error of when to have changed to the deterioration state. so to correct prediction have to take into consideration an error of measurement and a time error. In this research, deterioration prediction not corrected by inspection result, deterioration prediction corrected only by first inspection result, deterioration prediction corrected by first and second inspection results, deterioration prediction corrected by first to third inspection results, and third inspection by comparing the results. Thereby the effect of the prediction accuracy due to the correction is verified.