Improvement of ex-post evaluation is one of the important subjects for establishing a management cycle of infrastructure investment. The assessment requires to grasp causal effects of infrastructure projects based on statistical evidence, neither on a episode nor on just data. In order to properly evaluate effects brought about by infrastructure development, simple before-after comparisons are not enough, which are commonly used methodology in practice. In this paper, we outline statistical methods of causal inference that has become widely used in various research fields recently, and review the empirical literature on the effects of transportation infrastructures improvements on economic development. In addition, we discuss issues for application to transportation infrastructure development evaluation and perspectives for further research.

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In Japan, TFP downturn tendency has been observed in the construction industry. It is said that TFP captures technical change level. However, it is considered that technology is not easy to decrease so rapidly. The purpose of this paper is to find out the reason why TFP has decreased contrary to the expectation. We focused on deflator. In fact, in the construction industry, the deflator for output price is based on the deflator for input price because there are no proper price index for TFP calculation. Therefore, it couldn’t adjust the output price decreasing that was caused by mark-ups decreasing due to the introducing of general competitive bidding. An econometrics result clearly showed that introducing of general competitive bidding brought TFP decreasing due to mark-ups decreasing.

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Intraregional input-output tables at the prefecture level and the nine-region interregional input-output table for Japan have been established every 5 years. However, these time scale and spatial scale are so rough for regional economic analysis in various regions. Many researchers have been attempted to construct various input-output table for traditional input-output analysis, however, most of these tables are not suitable for SCGE (spatial computable general equilibrium). Therefore, this study attempted to estimate detailed interregional input-output tables, covering all of Japan in the context of income transfer result from commuting to other regions. As a result, this study uses national freight net flow investigation as interregional trade coefficients in accordance with existing research, but it was found that compiled interregional input-output tables by using such alternative index would not be available for economic analysis.

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In past seismic disasters, a lot of people had a difficulty to take a bath in their own house because of damaged homes and lifelines and got provided services at supporting bases. If the widespread disaster like Nankai earthquake happened, it may cause a large number of ‘disrupted-bathing people' in unprecedentedly wide area. It is important to predict the number of disrupted-bathing people and necessary amount of assistance for them broadly to plan the effective assistance. In this study, we had a case study in Okazaki city, Aichi pref. to estimate the number of necessary bases by mathematical optimization.

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The aims of this study are to make clear the effects on the resilience against disasters by the existence of “Kinkyo”; multi-household family. WEB based survey in Tokushima prefecture and Mie prefecture was carried out in order to verify communication and support function within families. “Kinkyo”; families living close are keeping daily interactions and exerting assistance within families The authors found as well that families who are living close and outside of expected area of disasters risk would be able to support and reduce the stated life recovery period after the expected disasters, such as tsunami, flood, and landslide.

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Two factors, “conviction of the planning content” and “conviction of the planning process” influence the judgment on whether or not the citizen accepts the regional plan. So if the planning content can be convinced but the process can not be convinced, there is a situation that the plan will not accepted. In this paper, we quantitatively examined the impacts of the planning process of regional planning on acceptance of regional plan by public. Divided the respondents into two groups, created two types of questionnaire with different information amount of the planning process, carefully read one of the questionnaire and answer the acceptance degree of the plan. As a result, many respondents who introduced “three parallel planning processes” trusted the intention and administrative desire to cooperate toward the realization of the plan, and the easiness of acceptance of the plan increased.

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Evacuation is an adequate effective and feasible measures to avoid the disaster risks. However, many people do not conform the evacuation orders and fail to evacuate. This is possible since they are affected by “normalcy bias” which restrain the people from recognizing the dangerous situations. The leading evacuees has been proposed by Katada (2006) for mitigating normalcy bias and promoting people to evacuate. The leading evacuees play a predetermined role for initiating the evacuation at high risk of disasters and suggesting the evacuation to the neighbors. This paper investigated the effect of leading evacuee on an evacuation decision by implementing virtual reality (VR) to the people. The subjects were asked to make an evacuation decision under high flood risk situation with and without leading evacuees. We then recorded evacuation timing from VR and interviewed their attitudes and experiences for flood disasters. The results revealed that leading evacuees promote sooner evacuation with statistical significance. Moreover, it confirms that the leading evacuees encourage people to evacuate at the same time as the river could be seen.

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Much efforts have been made to reflect a so-called happiness indicator upon regional policy. The conscious differences in parenting exists in the genders, while the work and life balance should be brought to realization for both genders. This research aims to clarify the factors that influence happiness indicator in parenting consciousness. The aim is intended to consider the ways of decreasing the negative relation-ships between parenting and happiness, that are often seen in women. Statistical analysis was conducted based on a questionnaire survey on citizen happiness in Anjo city in 2016. As a result, factors with significant difference in gender consciousness were found to be “to have existences that one can rely on nearby” and “to have some roles for myself”. It turned out that the most influential factor on happiness is “to have good family relations” in women and “understanding and cooperation for parenting” in men.

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In this study, in order to analyze the impacts of networking tourist destinations on the consumption of foreign visitors in Japan, we developed a travel consumption model considering trip chains. In addition, we propose a parameter estimation method for this consumption model and estimated the parameters from 47 prefecture data in Japan. Using this consumption model, we analyzed impacts of the high-speed maglev line on consumption of foreign visitors in Japan. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the production of tourism industry will increase not only along the high-speed maglev line, but also in the southern part of Tohoku, Chugoku and Shikoku regions, and that there are a few prefectures where tourism industry production will decrease. And it is cleared that the high-speed maglev line will improve the utility of foreign visitors from Narita, Haneda, Chubu and Kansai Airport, and that the utility of foreign visitors from Kansai and Chubu airports will be especially improved, because they will be able to access to each destinations easily, including Tokyo metropolitan region.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the interests of people living in coastal regions that have been severely affected by the Great East Earthquake of Japan based on the outcome of stakeholder analysis. The findings of this study can be summarized in the following four points: Interests are defined by regional boundaries; Different interests exist in boundary areas away from the seashore; The diversity of interests grows at the boundary of the disaster risk area; Some interests are formed across boundaries.

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River flooding is one of the major and increasingly devastating disasters in Japan. In recent years, the society has recognized that it is essentially important in flood-prone areas to prepare for possible flooding rather than to merely prevent flooding. Under these circumstances, it has been becoming more important to prepare at individual and community levels for flooding. Meanwhile, it is assumed that not only objective burden but also a sense of burden, or perceived burden, among individuals such as time, expense and effort in practicing disaster preparedness is a major factor that hinders implementation of such practices. In the present study, we aimed to identify the influence of perceived burden of preparing for flooding on the actual disaster preparedness practices by developing a scale to measure perceived burden of disaster preparedness, assessing the levels of perceived burden using the scale and analyzing its relationships with the actual practices and related factors such as river environmental awareness. The data were collected through a webbased questionnaire survey with a consumer panel residing in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (n = 487). Factor analysis on the 17 scale items of the perceived burden extracted three factors, namely perceived burden toward non-financial individual practices, financial individual practices and non-financial community level practices. Multiple regression and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the perceived burden toward non-financial practices for disaster preparedness at individual and community levels has a strong negative relations to actual practices. Especially, the results suggest that feeling “bothersome to learn how to prepare for flooding” and “bothersome to prepare for flooding by sacrificing my daily life time” are major factors in these negative relations. Also, it was found that interests in river improvement can lower perceived burden of disaster preparedness.

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The aim of this study is to establish a emergency rehabilitation management system directly after natural disaster. Then, we surveyed the case of 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. First, the issue about dealing with disaster that the administrator of Kumamoto prefecture wrote was classified by text mining. After that, we carried out a gathering of verbally expressed information about a emergency rehabilitation from administrators of local government and engineers of local construction. For executing a emergency rehabilitation quickly, it is suggested to share damage information of infrastructure among the stakeholder and to make effective use of an agreement between local government and a society for local construction.

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In recent years, Initiatives for regional revitalization are being promoted nationwide in Japan. One of them is revitalization of sightseeing areas. Marketing should be conducted by questionnaires in each region. However, it can hardly be said that the underlying marketing is done sufficiently. The issues are a lack of knowledge or recognition to marketing and labor burden on questionnaires. Meanwhile, in travel market, descriptions about travel patterns and impressions of tourists are spread directly from them through SNS posts, which is being accumulated as big data. Moreover, several SNS services specializing in pictures to post these impressions are increasing popularity. This study aims to develop a new method for sightseeing marketing using big data, and discuss about its possible use.

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In recent years, public works have been sharply reduced in Japan. One reason of the reduction is considered to be the negative impression on the construction industry. The people’s consciousness receives lots of influence of mass media. Previous researches pointed out the criticism in the newspaper report to the public works. On the other hand, some medias sometimes write detailed job title of “construction workers” instead of general description like “office workers” when a suspect is construction worker. This unfair description will bring indirectly negative impression to the construction industry. This study analyzed the status of the suspect's occupation in the newspapers report of atrocious crime. As a result, many construction workers were reported as suspect of atrocious crime in newspapers, but it seems to be due to the huge number of employee of the construction industry. In other words, the result of this research suggested that there was no bias against the construction industry in the newspaper reports about atrocious crime.

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In social surveys, a response by one other than the target sample is called a “proxy response,” and poses several widely recognized problems in analysis. However, current attempts to systematically analyze the proxy-response bias are insufficient. This study aims to investigate the bias focus on open-ended questions. We use a group-based choice model of response behavior and topic model to analyze the open-ended response in 2012 Kumamoto Person Trip survey data. The results indicated that the number of characters and words in an open-ended response decreases by proxy response. We also found that the topics by self-response tend to be on their experience, while those by proxy response tend to be general one.

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The research verifies practical effectiveness of the concept of an “Amamizu (Rainfall) society,” which is equipped with a comprehensive water cycle system that encompasses flood control, water utilization, environmental preservation and quality of life of local people. How to verify effectiveness of the concept is measured by implementing prototype projects at various urban spaces. This is the research in the field of science and technology for society and the research conducts transdisciplinary approach which is carried out by researchers from various fields, practitioners and other stakeholders. We developed low-cost, attractive rainwater design techniques and implemented at a detached private housing and a junior-high school in the watershed. Results show that attractive implementations based on the concept possess multifaceted values. Moreover, projects that include the process of Intergenerational Co-Creation and participants easily join are effective to involve stakeholders. These projects are easy to work together other derivative projects, as a result people who are involved in projects understand the concept deeply and comprehensively.

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To estimate a survival rate curve by the Utstein Style data, though a number of studies have used a Logit model and a Probit model generally, these methods are not necessarily optimal and desirable. By comparing with their curves estimated by a Scobit model based on Burr II distribution and a semi-nonparametric model with the Hermite polynomial expansion from the predictive point of view, this study aims to propose more desirable methods to estimate a survival rate curve. In the public-works project assessment, the estimation of a survival rate curve showing the relation between an emergency transport time and a lifesaving rate can make a significant contribution to measuring a mortality risk reduction benefit produced by reducing any temporal loss by road improvement and maintenance.

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In modern ages, local community has a problem of low interest in community development of hometown. In recent years, regional study which is tackled at elementary school is regarded as important as a trigger of cultivating civic pride meaning attachment and pride for the region. The purpose of this research is to clarify the structure and process of the change of student’s area image occurring in the student by regional study for the sixth graders of Kouzan Elementary School in Kumamoto City. Specifically, it is analyzed the student’s work on the subject “My favorite landscape” and the subject “I want to do this school district after ten years” using the KJ method, co-occurrence network analysis, etc. As a result of the research, it turned out that the involvement with others through regional study brought about a change of student’s area image that actively touches the region.

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This research focus on the societal acceptance of how people will perceive automated driving system towards societal adoption in the future. A WEB questionnaire survey were conducted among Japanese and British citizens for comparison which both are island countries with considerable car manufacturing industry. As a result, 1) Individual acceptance of AVs differs on the level, both Japan and UK are in favour with the adoption of level 3 AVs, 2) Male and those who has long escort hours in Japan, and young male who live in London in the UK tend to agree with the adoption of AVs, 3) Risk perception of AVs is similar in Japan and the UK, however a significant difference was shown regarding on risk perception of other hazards.

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There are very few previous researches on regional diversity, and there are an extremely large number of research subjects. Therefore, in this research, I focused on the relationship among the nationwide interprefecture access, the diversity of exchanges, the diversity of functions in each region, and analyzed them only for a single fiscal year. A diversity index that expresses the amount of information was calculated with Shannon-Wiener function. Then, I calculated the diversity index on the destination of exchange and made a basic study on prefectures. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was conducted using the diversity indicators related to regional functions and exchanges. As a result, it was found that the number of employed people in the area is closely related to the amount of exchange and that the number of workers is higher in areas where the exchange destination is diverse. Also, it was found that the diversity of employment in higher industries is related to the large amount of exchanges and diversity of destinations.

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Due to the global warming and vulnerability of energy supply recognized by The Great East Japan Earthquake, it is required for the regional renewal considering not only introduction of individual low carbon technologies but also urban spatial structure. This study aims to construct the evaluation method of renewal focusing on environmental load reduction and emergency energy supply. Estimated results show possibility of drastical reduction of CO₂ emissions by the combination of introduction individual technologies and energy security improved by electric power and heat supply. Also, it become to derive the optimal size of the energy facility to utilize this method.

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In Japan, many public facilities constructed during high economic growth era will reach the end of service life in near future. Coping with population decrease and social environment changes, number of public facilities may be reduced. On the other hand, in the flat area with flood risk, public facilities also provide a function of evacuation sites. We need to consider the impact of facility reduction policy on the accessibility of flood evacuation. In this research, we analyzed the issue by using two models. The first model sets up the facility renewal and reduction scenario that aims to maximize the convenience of residents in normal times while suppressing public expenditure. The other model evaluates how many people can successfully evacuate to the flood space provided as the public facilities. This research indicates the following results. If the number of facilities is mildly decreased, the evacuation accessibility will become simply worse. But, even when public facilities are greatly reduced, the evacuation accessibility can be improved if facility locations and floor space distribution are appropriately selected.

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Serious flood disasters have occurred in recent years. Partial revision of the Flood Protection Law was done due to the Kanto and Tohoku heavy rain disaster, and the flood inundation supposition area was remarked. In this paper, we developed a dynamic optimal economic model to evaluated economic damage of flood disasters, that is included the reconstruction investment, and evaluated economic damage costs for the remarked flood inundation supposition area. It is suggested that the measuring damage costs by previous approach are less than one by new approarh. Next, in the Kofu central area, we investigated flood disaster preventions by utilizing the Location Normalization Plan It showed that location regulation policies may be effective for the constructing bank policies.

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This paper aims to clear impacts of business interruption of an anchor store in an earthquake recovery process through a case study of Kengun Shopping Street, Kumamoto City, with a survey of pedestrian traffic, taxi users after shopping, and interviews to shop owners along Kengun Shopping Street. Consequently, it was shown that the reopening of the anchor store greatly contributed to recovering pedestrian traffic volume and the number of taxi users after shopping, but these had not entirely recovered at the levels before the earthquake. In particular, the recovery levels of taxi users were different among residential districts. This results implied that the consumption behaviors after the earthquake were likely to change during the anchor store were closed and unchange after it reopened. On the other hand, it was shown that the volume of visitors, whose purpose is community-activity, to the shopping street are almost unchanged after the earthquake. This implied that the function of community activity the shopping street had was robust to disasters and contributed to mitigate negative impacts on the shopping street.

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Population outflow of young people from rural areas to urban areas is regarded as a quantitative problem. However, little discussion has been made of the quality of population outflow. Although brain drain to foreign countries is regarded as an important social difficulty, the more familiar brain drain from rural areas to urban areas is overlooked. In this paper, a method is proposed to analyze brain drain from rural areas using the deviation value of university entrance examinations and a method to estimate its cumulative effects. First, the student occupancy of each deviation value was analyzed. Next, the numbers of university graduates remaining in regions and their deviation values were estimated. Results of analyses clarified quantitatively that university graduates with high deviation values are flowing out from rural areas to capital areas. Furthermore, if current brain drain trends continue, results show that university graduates with a high deviation value will continue to decrease in rural areas.

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Promotion of remote island regions in Japan has began with the Remote Islands Development Act established in 1953 (S28). In this paper, in order to contribute to the discussion of the remote islands development issues, the legislative background of the Remote Islands Development Act was sorted out from the necessity of legislative measures and the situation of remote islands at the time. As a result, at the time of enacting the law, 1) there was a difference in stance in the policy of regional development of the country and remote islands related prefectures, thereby 2) the priority of remote islands development was extremely low, and 3) as more than half of the workers were primary industries, their per capita income was low and capital strength and administrative power was poor.

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The present study investigates the effect of repeated presentations of Japanese street facade on false memory of Japanese facade element. Previous research has suggested false memory was induced by presenting participants with pictures closely associated with a critical lure, a non-presented picture, after repeatedly presenting a list picture. Recognition of street facade is a type of recognition of element closely associated with a critical lure, and therefore it is possible that false memory of facade element is induced by repeatedly presenting street facade. This study aims to relate the repeated presentations of Japanese street facade to false memory of Japanese facade element based on DRM paradigm. The result shows that number of false memories of Japanese facade element in a condition of repeated Japanese street facade presentations was larger compared to non-repeated presentation condition. Moreover, the false memory of Japanese facade element makes participant’s impression value of Japanese street facade higher.

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Formulation of healthy city policies that promote health and make health behaviors easier to maintain is anticipated. This study analyzed the inhibitory factors associated with the stages of behavior change, including the ‘reversion’ stage, based on multiple levels: from personal awareness to the living environment. For this study, reported subjective health condition was used as a surrogate for personal health status. Hypotheses about the structure of inhibitory factors were proposed. A large-scale web questionnaire (N=20,000)was administered. Results demonstrate the following: 1) The phenomenon of ‘reversion’ is not uncommon, as well as residents who belong to the ‘reversion’ stage tend to not recognize that subjective health condition 2) Compared with other health behaviors, persistent ‘exercise’, and ‘walking’ habits tend to be reported as inhibitory factors brought about by the living environment.

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For a sustainable society in Japan, it is considered that the concept of compact city plus network is desirable to solve issues such as population decline and environmental deterioration. However, the content of the Siting Optimization Plan and City Planning Master Plan tends to be outlined in simple figures and sentences. Moreover, the plan only indicates plans in the Urbanization Promotion Area. For this reason, it remains difficult for the citizens to vividly visualize the future image of the urbanization control areas. As residents have the tendency of showing interest to their surroundings, this research first visualized the residential area in urban function control areas using 3DVR for effective consensus formation. In addition, this research outlines the correlation between values and urban function preferences, and individual views on compact city.

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This study aims to select a suitable fish port for the destination of the seaplane flight for the purpose of increasing the sightseeing visit rate of the Sanriku region and also using the flight as a new means for transporting fishery products. From 220 fish ports in Sanriku district, we tried to extract candidates by quantifying the attractiveness of the expected flights from tourism resources and the access to those resources. Also, we conducted a questionnaire survey for 42 fishery cooperatives regarding the introduction of seaplane flights to their port. Consequently, 14 fishery cooperatives (42.4%) replyed if we can set some rules beforehand we might able to allow landing and taking off of the seaplane from their port. Furthermore, 8 fishery cooperatives (24.2%) answered they have interest in transporting their fishery products by the seaplane. As above, we had some positive opinions to the introduction of seaplane. Additionally, we analyzed the geographical conditions of each fish ports and selected following three ports as suitable candidates for the seaplane flights destinations: Koishihama fish port, Sunakohama fish port, and Nonomae fish port.

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“Infrastructure tourism,” which is often talked about nowadays, involves a tour around civil engineering facilities as a sightseeing spot and is expected to lead to a revitalization of the regional economy. The utilization of civil engineering facilities as tourism resources in civil engineering administration provides an effective opportunity to deepen the public’s understanding of public works projects and also has great potential from the viewpoint of effectively utilizing existing stocks. The purpose of this research is to address issues and propose measures for utilizing civil engineering facilities as tourism resources, mainly from the viewpoint of the civil engineering administration of local governments responsible for the facilities. In this research, we conducted a case study, analyzed the current situation of the civil engineering administration, and examined the issues they face in utilizing civil engineering facilities as tourism resources from two standpoints, “Organization” and “Mechanism.” In conclusion, “Cooperation beyond administrative departments” and “Review of facility objectives and implementation of cost-effectiveness analysis” were proposed.

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This new research highlights previously unexplored features of Ashio Kogyo-sho, in the Kakemizu region, presenting it as a worthy candidate for listing as a World Heritage site. In order to shed light on its origins, historical background and the internal and external architecture of its buildings, research was conducted into the Kogyo-sho, owned by Furukawa, as well as laws from the period. In addition, the site was excavated to uncover evidence of the exact locations of its original buildings. A study was also carried out comparing the Ashio Mine with the Kosaka Mine, located in another part of Japan, which is believed to be very similar. Kogyo-sho was established as part of the modernization policies introduced by the Meiji government for the mining industry to plan and manage mining development on a scale required by the government. Excavation of the site along with drawings that have been discovered show that Kogyo-sho had its own cafeteria and a red brick building, which still exists today, was found to house a library. The discovery of photographs and drawings has enabled us to visualize how both the exterior and interior of the building once looked. Furthermore, through comparison with the Kosaka Mine, similarities and differences have been clarified.

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In recent years in Japan, the population outflow from local areas and inflow to Tokyo metropolitan area is considerable, and the negative impact on convenience and economic aspects in local areas is caused by this problem. Therefore, it is important to make a policy to maintain the local government functions in these local areas. In 2015, the Japanese government announced to support migration of elderly people to local areas. The residential choice may be important information for these local governments. The purpose of this study is to find the residential choices based on difference between elderly people and other generations. Using the data from an original Internet survey in Japan, we rank the residential choices dividing the elderly people and other generations. Our results show that elderly people are more likely to choose regions with rich natural environments compared with other generations. Moreover, we find that elderly people are more likely to choose lifestyle conveniences, such as the availability of nearby supermarkets, while other generations are more likely to choose conveniences related to traffic and commuting. The local governments that attempt to implement the policy of migration can promote inflow of the elderly people by improving the rich natural environments and depicting its appeal.

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Japan faces great risk of natural disasters and it is concerned that there will be other large-scale disasters which may cause fatal damage to important functions for maintaining administration as well as social and economic systems. In order to avoid such kind of situations, recently it is said to be important to make resilient national land. However, assessments of Resilience of infrastructures against the specific risks of future disaster have not been done yet, even though it is quite important to promote National Resilience. Therefore, this study conducted assessments of Resilience of regional road networks against Nankai Trough Giant Earthquake and inland earthquake in Tokyo, based on expected travel time. For the preparation of the data set, we applied probe vehicle data to estimate the probability of shut down of roads and velocity change ratio under various conditions. As a result of that, widespread existence of relatively vulnerable regional road networks against Nankai Trough Giant Earthquake was revealed. At the same time, it was suggested that the reinforcement strategies can greatly mitigate the harmful effect of the disaster.

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In this research, we sought to understand the situation of “kerosene refugees”. The results showed that some of the elderly refrain from purchasing kerosene either because the containers were too heavy or because it was too expensive. 29.0% of those surveyed were confirmed to be kerosene refugees. It was also discovered that kerosene refugees would resort to actions such as reducing the frequency of bathing and restricting the number of rooms that are heated. It was found that those who do not rely on home delivery services become kerosene refugees due to reasons such as being unable to drive in order to purchase kerosene, living in a single household, living in a wooden house, residing on the third floor or higher, having an annual income of less than 2 million yen, or being unable to walk any further than 500m. Among home delivery service users, there was a possibility for residents living on the higher floors of apartment buildings becoming kerosene refugees. Regarding the delivery of kerosene, there were several issues such as limited delivery zones, delivery often not being made up to higher floors, and increase in delivery costs for higher floors.

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In this study, we estimate the economical effect and the change in population distribution by maintenancing new Shinkansen, improving medical simulation model. As a result, constructing new Shinkansen contributes to improvement of GDP . And analysis on production and population distribution in the country area, if Shinkansen and Linear Chuo Shinkansen are constructed, the population in Kanto area decreases by 4.2 percent, GRP in Kanto area decreases by 5.3 percent at most. On the other hand, in other area especially in West Japan Area, population increases. So, we can say these results indicate that constructing Shinkansen contributes to the increasing of national growing force and improving circumstances that population and economic power concentration on Tokyo.

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This paper investigates the relationship between spatial configurations and vibrancy in city centers of local cities. Focusing on streets as major constituent elements of urban form, this study calculates measures related to characteristics of streets. Topological characteristics of street network is calculated by network theory, and other spatial characteristics including land use, facilities and pavement are evaluated based on the surveys. These characteristics are aggregated by unit of streets. Assuming vibrancy of city centers composed of various elements such as social, economic and travel activities of citizens and visitors, it is estimated by land price, pedestrian flow volume and ratio of vacant properties to all buildings. A case study in Tottori city center, a typical local city in Japan experiencing the city center’s decline along depopulation and suburbanization, is carried out. Results of structural equilibrium analysis indicate that land use in which commercial areas and residential areas are separated, high centrality in the street network, accessibility from suburb areas in terms of distance to bus stops and parking facilities, and walking environment influence vibrancy of streets. The framework and results are intended to create sustainable and livable cities.

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In recent years, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), which aims to control the dependence on private cars by integrally development of transportation and land use, has attracted attention. Although the Tama Den-en Toshi is considered to be one of the advanced cases of TOD, traffic congestion by private cars is seen around the railway station, and it can be said that there is a problem in controlling dependence on private cars. In this research, we focus on the concept of controlling dependence on private cars which is intended by TOD and aim to evaluate the dependence of private cars around the railway station in the Tama Den-en Toshi. As a result, for commuting and attending school purposes, it seems that TOD’s conrol of dependence on private cars, but for private purposes it got a problem. Factors of promoting dependence on private cars for private purpose were obtained as moving distance and climbing distance, and high road ratio in case of many elderly people. As a countermeasure to these, we examined ways to switch the mode to bus from private cars.

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Japan faces the risk of huge earthquakes and improving national resilience by infrastructure reinforcement to deal with the risk is a pressing issue. In order to evaluate the appropriateness and urgency of each project for resilience, quantitative prediction of damage to the infrastructures and the effects of reinforcement is indispensable, but there has not been sufficient knowledge about it. In this study, based on the data from the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, we developed a model to predict shut-down of road links caused by huge earthquakes. The result suggests that strengthening earthquake resistance such as seismic retrofitting of bridges and undergrounding electric infrastructures contributes to mitigation of damage. However, the accuracy of estimation is limited due to lack of data such as statistics of the level of earthquake resistance of infrastructures.

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The purpose of this research is to propose measures of each municipality with diversity treating disaster and debris generated by the Nankai trough earthquake. In addition to it, the proposal is considered social risks caused by depopulation during some decades in the future, even though the probability of occurrence of the earthquake is forecasted 70–80% in 30 years. The research reviewed many national and local government reports about the measures from the view point of resilience. In addition, this classifies municipalities according to factors about governance, urban structure and industry and makes clear change of regional factors from present to future. As the results, a methodology showing priority measures in each municipality is proposed.

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In the Process which from the hot spring resort used by only residents develop as a touristic place visited by a lot of tourist from other areas, “Collaboration” is necessary for various stakeholders share goals and cooperate to solve regional problems. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the collaborative process in sightseeing community development, based on an interview survey at Kurokawa-onsen in Kumamoto Prefecture. It is that several collaborative activities date in sightseeing community development are analized from the view point task extraction, solution of method, collaborative process. As a result, in Kurokawaonsen, there have been various collaborative processes in solving six task, and through collaboration with various stakeholders, mainly in “Kurokawa Onsen Ryokan Association”, it turned out that the collaborative process itself has evolved extensively with the development of tourist place.

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We can find some modal choice behavior to contact bus stop rather than the closest railway station in regions such as Tokyo metropolitan region. It is considered these behavior are caused by service levels comparison of passengers travel time, fare, transit times, accesses, egresses, congestion rates, etc. between origin and destination in public transport networks. In this population analysis study, we focused on the Saitama Railway case. We applied an established population analysis method with population allocation process from 500 meter mesh population data to 100 meter mesh one by 100meter mesh land use data. We analyzed this for each straight distance zone from the analysis station and the bus stop and analyzed the population of the station area in chronological order. We achieved the first population analysis study in the Tokyo metropolitan area to compare railway and bus. In this study, we can find the situation that the resident population increasing along the railway is higher than that along the bus route by comparative analysis.

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In order to plan timely and appropriate tourism measure, it is required to understand the tourist destinations’ issue based on the tourist’s evaluation. The aim of this study is to investigate the tourists’ needs of a regional destination by using a text mining approach. A text data used in this study was the questionnaire survey provided with Fujikawaguchiko town where one of the popular tourist destination in Japan. We found that Fujikawaguchiko town has a several issue includes a lack of food and drink facilities, poor level of transportation services as a result of tourists evaluation.

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The government is promoting policies to increase foreign tourists traveling to Japan in part to stimulate local economies. The number of foreign visitors to Japan has shown a remarkable increase in recent years. On the other hand, increase in hotel lodging has been modest due to the number of private residence lodging and cruise tourism, and the economic effect for local areas is limited. It is important for the region to increase spending of accommodations that account for more than a quarter of tourism consumption. In addition, understanding the situation of accommodation quantitatively is important in considering the regional revitalization through inbound tourism. The analysis in this study uses facility data on lodging travel statistics in order to find out the situation by municipalities. The characteristics of the study are to use original data of about 1,600 municipalities, and to identify the differences between municipalities based on the number of guests, ratio of foreigners, occupancy rate, etc., rather than using the publicly released data by prefecture.

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From the trend of the increase in the number of tourists in Hokkaido in recent years, it considered that the importance of understanding the behavior of tourists by a particularly simple method is high. Therefore, in this research, necessary data were analyzed for each spot from the data collected by ‘Asahikawa Furano wide area Wi-Fi survey’ and the usefulness of the acquired data shown. Next, an analysis of the outgoing pattern between each spot and examined characteristics of tourists’ round trip. The methodology of sequence pattern mining analysis used as a big data analysis in the marketing field studied. Also, investigations conducted in consideration of visiting permutation among spots. As a result, the visit permuta-tion pattern detected and the three indicators are considered, and tourism measures proposed. Then, the usefulness of the Wi-Fi packet sensors and sequence pattern mining in grasping the large-scale rounda-bout behavior pattern represented.

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In recent years, revitalization of regional economies is one of the important themes in Japan. Previous research has shown that the percentage of local recirculation of revenue in the local area is 27% larger when purchasing food at local stores than at large chain stores. This result means that changing shopping behavior that depends on large chain stores to local stores is effective for revitalization of regional economies. The purpose of this study is to verify the effective ways of information provision to promote use of local stores. We conducted a questionnaire survey that provide the three types of information. All the research subjects were provided the information of the difference of local recirculation rate with type of the store. The first group were provided the information that local stores recirculate more money in the local area with the numerical data. The second group were provided the information that large chain stores flow out more money from the local area with the numerical data. The third group were provided the information that local stores recirculate more money in the local area without the numerical data. As a result, the information of recirculating rather than flowing out is more effective for consciousness formation to use local stores. The framing effect was confirmed with this result.

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Bicycle accidents per direction of bicycle (keep left / keep right) calculated on lane for bicycle, sidewalk, pedestrian crossing, side strip using traffic accident data in 2017 and compared with bicycle volumes per direction of bicycle which was measured in preceding study. Numbers of bicycle accidents per direction of bicycle on intersection do not have big differences each other. Bicycle volumes to keep left are a little more than these to keep right, but bicycle accidents to keep right is much more than that to keep left on sidewalk. Bicycle accidents to keep right is about 40 percent on bicycle lane and side strip which is regulated keeping left, but bicycle volumes to keep left is much less than 40 percent. Bicycles to keep right might be tended to overlook by crossing vehicle drivers, so accident risk of bicycle to keep right might be higher than that to keep left.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the visited places combination pattern of foreign travelers visiting Japan. The Hierarchical Pachinko Allocation Model which extracts the combination patterns of visited places is introduced at first to clarify the difference from the Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model. The hPAM, which is regarded as one of the machine learning methods, is able to indicate the probabilistic derivation process of dividing each visited pattern into topics. The hPAM also has a feature that can consider the relevance between topics as a hierarchical structure. In the analysis, using the “Consumption Trend Survey for Foreigners Visiting Japan” conducted by the Japan Tourism Agency, the combination patterns of visited places by the hPAM based on the presence or absence of actual point-by-point visited data are classified into 10 super topics and 35 sub topics under the hierarchy of these topics. Using these outputs, the relations between topics and personal attributes, which are nationality and visit frequency, are finally identified.

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As populations decline, facilities have decreased in number, particularly in local cities. Therefore, it is desired to secure services supporting the standard of living by concentration of facilities in urban core areas and by cooperation among urban core areas across municipalities. Maintaining urban core areas is important, but the actual state of use of urban core areas remains unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify movement from urban core areas in wide areas across municipalities. Analysis of the Utsunomiya metropolitan area shows the following: 1) the share of urban core area trips accounts for 36.0% of all trips; 2) the ratio of movement among urban core areas is about 6.6%; and 3) at least two times results showed that the shopping share of trips is low among movements between urban core areas. Results suggest that urban core area cooperation cannot be characterized as feasible given current urban core areas and networks.

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This study aims to clarify the effect of the urban facilities condition on increase of elderly people’s pedestrian trips. We analyzed the relationship between the chain of private pedestrian trips obtained from individual trip data of National Person Trip Survey and urban facilities. As result of the analysis, we clarified that the location of urban facilities has significant association to the chain of pedestrian trips of elderly people, and aggregation of several urban facilities within 500m radius gives significant influence with possibility of increase of elderly people's pedestrian trips.

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