Car-sharing systems offer an alternative mode of transportation in urban areas. The scheme of car sharing has become very popular all over the world. This study aims to investigate the possibility of introducing station-based as well as free floating one-way car-sharing services to Japan by using operating simulator which has developed on our own. This simulator is applied to a current car-sharing scheme in Kumamoto urban area. Consequently, we conclude that an effective allocation planning of car sharing stations which enhances operational efficiency as well as users' convenience was obtained.

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 In economic geography, central place theory¹⁾ envisaged the emergence of hexagonal distribution of cities from uniformity. However, rigorous verification of the existence of hexagonal patterns is missing over years. To support this theory, Ikeda et al.²⁾ introduced a group-theoretic Fourier spectrum analysis in a regular-triangular lattice and detected hexagonal patterns of cities in Southern Germany and Eastern USA. However, the existence of geometrical patterns other than hexagons remains unknown. This paper, considering square patterns, introduced a square lattice version of a group-theoretic Fourier spectrum analysis. Using this analysis in Southern Germany, we indicated a possibility of the square lattice as candidate of a spatial platform in a population distribution analysis.

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 Technological developments in infrastructure asset management fields are continuously improving. The technological innovations will contribute to efficient maintenance works and longing the life or duration of infrastructure stock. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology for assessing benefit of the improvement of the infrastructure asset management technologies and deriving policy function regarding cost allocation. We build a dynamic optimization model which handles deterioration process of the stock and maintenance cost explicitly. We furthermore conduct some numerical analyses about two types of technological innovations, lifecycle extension of infrastructure stock and unit cost reduction of maintenance. The results shows not only the benefit of the both technological innovations but also changes in optimal cost allocation policies.

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 In this paper, an input-output model, which is based on Origin-Destination data of foreign visitors in Japan, is proposed for the impact analysis of increasing foreign visitors by international airport sales. In the first part, the OD data of foreign visitors in Japan are explained and an Input-Output model is developed. Then it is proposed how to do the impact analysis of increasing foreign visitors by international airport sales, employing this IO model. In the latter part, the impacts of increasing Chinese and Taiwanese visitors are estimated by this IO model, and they are compared between the two countries. In the result, it is cleared that increasing Chinese visitors in Narita, Kansai or Chubu airport will influence to all three metropolitan regions, but that the impacts of Kansai or Chubu airport to Tokyo metropolitan region are bigger than the impacts of Narita airport to Osaka or Chubu regions. On the other hand, it is shown that increasing Taiwanese visitors in Narita airport will influence to only Tokyo metropolitan region, and that increasing in Kansai airport will influence to only Osaka metropolitan region, and that increasing in Chubu airport to only Chubu region, which includes Nagoya metropolitan region.

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