Contents of protein, fat, ash, amino acids and fatty acids of four different varieties of pearl lupine (Lupinus mutabilis), introduced from Peru, were analyzed and compared with those of soybeans and of two other varieties of Lupinus spp.
Contents of protein, fat and ash of pearl lupines were nearly the same as those of soybeans. Seventeen amino acids were examined with Hitachi Amino Acid Analyzer. Amino acid composition of pearl lupines was also similar to that of soybeans. The similarity index of amino acid pattern ranged from 0.98 to 0.99. Fatty acids were determined by means of Shimadzu Gas-Chromatography. The fatty acids of pearl lupines consisted of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidic acid. Among the fatty acids of pearl lupines, palmitic acid content was almost equal to that of soybeans. Stearic and oleic acid content of pearl lupines was about twice as high as that of soybeans while linoleic and linolenic acid content was less than that of soybeans.

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Observation and the symptomatology of the disease enabled the author to demonstrate that the appearance of the symptoms and their general characteristics could be classified into types varying with the period of growth of the plant. For instance, systemic symptoms were observed in the beginning (type I ) or in the middle of the period of growth (type II ) . Compared with types A, B and C reported by Palm, types A and B corresponded to type I described by the author, while in type C there were no systemic symptoms but only small streaks developed in the beginning of the infection. The author also discussed the relationship between the stage of growth and the symptomatology, adding type II to Palm's classification.
It was also shown that as far as the growth progression of maize was concerned, the emergence of leaves was advanced by 1 to 2 days in humid tropical areas. This precocity was the main reason why prevention of the disease by the use of drugs was made difficult. The need for fungicides able to penetrate into the plant so as to curb the growth of hyphae infecting it was further discussed.

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It was demonstrated, from the successive plantings, that outbreaks of downy mildew disease in Indonesia were not frequently observed in maize planted in the beginning of the rainy season and that their gradual increase in later plantings was related to the amount of water from rainfalls, the level of humidity and the temperature.
As in Indonesia the temperature and the level of humidity regulate annual outbreaks of the disease, if outbreaks were not observed, it was because of the difficulty experienced by maize to grow in the dry season under the conditions of soil moisture. However, outbreaks of the disease could be noted in the dry season if irrigation was applied.
On the other hand, in the beginning of the rainy season, there was a decrease in the formation of conidia which are the main source of propagation of the disease owing to the small number of infected plants and, as a result, few outbreaks of the disease were observed. Later on, in the rainy season, outbreaks became more frequent as a large number of conidia was produced.
Moreover, the decrease in the number of outbreaks in the middle of the rainy season was actually due to the large amount of rainfall during the night, a factor which was thought to be responsible for the decrease in the formation of conidia. In conclusion, in Indonesia, it appeared difficult to avoid outbreaks of the disease through modification of the cultivation period of maize.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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