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Volume 39, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Case 1. Tanay site, PhilippinesFlorentino C. MONSALUD, Eduardo P. PANINGBATAN, Jr., Kazutake KYUMA1995 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 147-158
Published: September 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree alley cropping treatments were tested and compared with current farmers' practice in a hilly area in the Philippines. The soil of the study site was clayey, strongly acidic, deficient in N and P, and the percentage of aluminium saturation of the subsoil ranged from 64 to 77 percent.
The study demonstrated the benefits obtained from an alley cropping system in minimizing soil erosion and nutrient losses. Alley cropping system with gliricidia and napier as hedgerows provided a larger amount of materials for mulching. The three-year experimental period failed to show any changes in the soil chemical properties that could be attributed to alley cropping.
These results indicated that lime and fertilizer applications were necessary for this type of soil for better performance of the alley cropping system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1373K) -
Case 2. Mabini site, PhilippinesFlorentino C. MONSALUD, Eduardo P. PANINGBATAN, Jr., Kazutake KYUMA1995 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 159-167
Published: September 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree alley cropping treatments were tested and compared with current farmers' practice in a highly eroded sloping land in the Philippines. The soil of the study site was loamy, with a high content of exchangeable bases but very low content of C and N. This study replicated the experiment conducted at another hillyland site with different soil characteristics.
The results obtained st this site support the observation made in the other experimental area in relation to the alleviation of soil and nutrient losses and increase in biomass production. Likewise, the alley cropping practice did not lead to any improvement of the soil chemical properties within the three-year experimental period.View full abstractDownload PDF (1010K) -
Osamu HIROTA, Abul HASHEM, Abudl HAMID1995 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 168-176
Published: September 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this paper is to analyze the yield improvement of maize-mungbean Intercropping from the view point of canopy structure, canopy light conditions and leaf photosynthesis. Monoculture plots of maize and mungbean at each crop standard density, and intercropping plots at three densities of maize sown together with mungbean were prepared. Two rows of mungbean were sown together with one row of maize. The grain yield of maize in monoculture was about 480 g/m2, the highest maximum. There was no difference in maize yield in intercropping. Grain yields of mungbean in the low density plot and mungbean in monoculture were 68.0-82.4 g/m2, the highest maximum. Land equivalent ratio (LER) of the low density plot was 1.39, the highest value. LER in other plots was less than 1.0. LER in the low density plot was maximum because of the high yield ratio, 90%, of mungbean for inter-cropping to monoculture. Light extinction coefficient in the low density plot was similar to that of maize in monoculture compared with mungbean in monoculture. Leaf photosynthesis of both maize and mungbean in the low density plot was almost the same as that in monoculture, while in the higher density plots it was lower than in monoculture. Growth rates of both maize and mungbean at the ripening stages in the low density plot were higher than in both middle and high density intercroppings. Consequently the yield in the low density plot was higher.View full abstractDownload PDF (1037K) -
Tatsuya HIRANO, Hideyo KOSHIMURA, Naotsugu UCHIDA, Tetsushi AZUMA, Tak ...1995 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 177-183
Published: September 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn floating rice, internodal elongation is markedly promoted under submergence. The increase in the supply of photoassimilates to the rapidly elongating internodes is essential for floating rice grown under submergence. Our objectives were to analyze the changes in the sink activity of each organ and in the distribution pattern of photoassimilates to each organ immediately after submergence, using 13C as a tracer. Also, the rate of sucrose formation was determined in order to investigate the effect of submergence on the source activity. In the present study, the plants in which the source organ was restricted to the first expanded leaf attached above the uppermost internode were used. The translocation of carbon to the uppermost internode was promoted immediately after submergence. In contrast, submergence depressed the increase of dry weight and the percentage distribution of labelled carbon in the lower organs. Therefore, these results indicate that floating rice plants modify the distribution pattern of photoassimilates to promote growth under submergence, and that these characteristics may enable floating rice to utilize efficiently the photoassimilates in order to survive under deep water. Submergence led to a sizeable increase in the sucrose/starch ratio of the first expanded leaf attached above the rapidly elongating uppermost internode. These results suggest that submergence increases the source activity in the upper leaves above the water surface. This assumption was consistent with the increase of the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area of the uppermost expanded leaf above the water surface under submergence reported previously.View full abstractDownload PDF (1025K) -
Muhammad KAMAL, Hisamitsu TAKAHASHI, Haruo MIKOSHIBA, Yasuo OTA1995 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 184-189
Published: September 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe final grain yield of soybeans is determined by the growth and development of the yield components. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PGR application at flowering stages on soybean grain yield, and to identify the yield components closely related to soybean yield increase by PGR application. The results showed that the soybean yield components differently responded to PGR application, and depended on the PGR concentration and soybean cultivars. Soybean Tachinagaha and Tidar cultivars, the application of 1 ppm ABA, 1 ppm GA3, 0.01 ppm epi-brassinolide, and 5 ppm kinetin at flowering stages increased the grain yield by 12. 1, 5.8, 5.9, and 9.3% over the control, respectively. Soybean grain yield increase induced by PGR application was due primarily to the increase in grain and pod number through the increase of fertile node number and number of pods per fertile node.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
Hiroshi NEMOTO, Hashim HABIBUDDIN1995 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 190-194
Published: September 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn avirulent green leafhopper (GLH) population was introduced and reared on a mixed cropping of two rice cultivars, IR42 and Pankhari 203. Although the GLH population required 43 days to complete the first generation, the time was reduced to about 30 days in the third and subsequent generations, which was close to the time required by the populations reared on the susceptible cultivar, TN1. This adapted GLH population was able to survive on IR42 and Pankhari 203, and to transmit both rice tungro bacilliform virus and rice tungro spherical virus to IR42, but only rice tungro bacilliform virus to Pankhari 203. The mixed cropping of two GLH-resistant cultivars was not considered to be effective for suppressing or delaying the development of varietal resistance-breaking populations of the GLH.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
III. Strengthening Asian national cassava breeding programs and the utilization of advanced breeding materialsKazuo KAWANO1995 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 195-201
Published: September 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe CIAT cassava program in Colombia has been introducing advanced cassava breeding materials to national cassava breeding programs in the world for the past 20 years and the CIAT Asian cassava program has done the same to national cassava programs in Asia for the past eight years. The total genetic diversity thus transfered may for outweight all the genetic variation previously brought to Asia from Latin America and Africa through traditional means. The primary objective of offering useful breeding materials to national programs is to increase the possibility of producing better cultivars; yet, this often leads to the strengthening of the breeding program per se by working together in the actual breeding process. This scheme has steadily improved the breeding program capacities in Thailand, Indonesia, China, Vietnam, Philippines and Malaysia and the basic yielding capacity of breeding populations has been much enhanced in these countries. Yet, it is in Vietnam where the improvement of the breeding population in terms of yield and root dry matter content took place in a most dramatic manner. Summarizing these evaluation/selection operations, I conclude that national cassava breeding programs are selecting superior genotypes in virtually all the major cassava growing environments in Asia, making good use of CIAT breeding materials. The CIAT/Thai materials are particularly useful especially in the semi-arid lowland and seasonally dry lowland tropics.View full abstractDownload PDF (754K) -
Takao KASHIWABARA1995 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 202-205
Published: September 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2307K) -
Kiyotake ISHIHATA1995 Volume 39 Issue 3 Pages 206-208
Published: September 01, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (313K)
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