[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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1.Experiments with fruit trees have led to the establishment of three authentic methods of grafting : viz., patch-budding, side-grafting and veneer grafting. These methods and their three modified deep side-grafting, bark grafting and cleft grafting, have all proved important to grafting both tropical and temperate zone trees. The writer has recognized that bark budding is best applicable to all Rosaceous trees except loquats, and scion-budding to kaki fruits, chestnuts and citrus fruits.
2.The grafting of any fruit tree can be either on-the-spot grafting or preserved grafting. Proper periods are quite limited for veneer grafting, which is practiced by cutting the stock; and for scion-budding, in which case the stock is cut in spring after the union. But as for side-grafting and patch-budding, the writer has found through experiments, the graftable periods are quite long besides the proper periods. This may be also true of tropical trees.
3.Reverse grafting, which is an application of polarity, is an interesting method that causes forced dwarfing on lower branches, and is no doubt a new art of dwarfing, requiring no dwarfed stocks. Reversely grafted trees bring about quicker ripening, and this method is possibly employed for the renewal of varieties and for the prevention of the lower branch-losing“bald”phenomenon. As for cultivated chestnut, rooting can be artificially accelerated on the reversely grafted scion, and subsequently growth dependent solely on its own roots is possible. Application may be found to eliminate the inadaptability between wild chestnut and cultivated chestnut, and to make their cutting easy.
4.Green branches from which all middle-position leaves are pulled off around the time of flower-bud differentiation are effectively usable for autumnal grafting, primarily for the budding, side-grafting and veneer grafting of chestnuts and kaki fruits.
5.Viny1 packing has proved to assure a perfect storage means for scions which have to be preserved under low temperature till springtime grafting. This packing method would make the transportation the simplest and the most convenient. A bunch of scions is rolled in a wide sheet of vinyl. The parts of the vinyl sheet at both ends of the bunch are folded within so as to make the package as airtight as possible. This package is strung tightly from one end to get rid of more air from inside. This packing method under low temperature condition will probably introduce quite a reform for the preservation and transportation of general green foods as well as saplings.

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This paper deals with the morphological and chemical characteristics of cultivated soils of Tokunoshima Island. Most of the soils are reddish clayey residual, and may be classified, as follows, according to the parent rocks:
(I) lime stone (Ryukyu limestone: coral reef) soils;
(II) soils from volcanic rocks (diabase) and sedimentary rocks (Kunikami gravel, shale.)
1) The red colored (2.5-5.0 YR) soils derived from (I) are found in this island, occupying greater parts of the cultivated land, showing a characteristic topography of a terrace land. The surface horizon (0-40cm) is dark in color through the presence of certain amounts (2%) of humus and it exhibits granular structure. The lower horizon is in loose nutty-like structure, and often contains carbonate materials and soft concretion of ferro-mangan. And it is very loose in compactness through the vertical section.
The soils are homogeneous throughout the profile, indicating the following average features-pH value: 6.8; clay (<2μ) : 54%, the percentages of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ of the soils are 4.9, 9.8 and 14.4 times as large as those of limestone; and the molecular ratios of the clay, SiO₂/Al₂O₃: 2.3; SiO₂/R₂O₃: 1.7; base exchange capacity: 34 me per 100g clay; and the dominant clay minerals are halloysite with gibbsite and illite.
These results suggest that this soil is a member of a“terra rossa”in its wide sense, but it would be more appropriate to group it under the red and yellow“terracal”aft r STACE'S terminology.
2) The reddish yellow (2.5-10 YR) soils derived from (II) develop at the feet of the mountains. The surface horizon (0-17cm) is dark (humus: 3-4%) in colour and exhibits granular structure; the lower horizon is in blocky structure. The clay and Fe₂O₃ are accumulated at the subsoil horizon, but do not show bleaching or fading in the lower part of the surface horizon, showing a fair evience of the profile development. The pH value is near to 5.5 and the exchange acidity increases with the depth of soil profile. The clay minerals are nearly the same with (I) .
Judging from these features the writers recognize these soils are a“red and yellow soils”.
3) The average results obtained from 20 samples of the surface soils derived from 4 sorts of the parent rocks are shown below.
4) The relative yield coefficients of barley grain in (I) soils by pot experiments are as follows-N+R+K: 100.0; 0 (no fertilizer) : 4.3; P+K: 36.5; N+K: 9.6; N+P: 88.0. Alld urea-N: 96.7 for ammonium sulfate-N: 100.0; calcined phosphate-P: 92.2 for calcium superphosphate-P: 100.0.

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