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Volume 25 (1974)
- Issue 4 Pages 233-
- Issue 3 Pages 147-
- Issue 2 Pages 81-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 25, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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1974 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages e1-
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 14, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Kozo Ninomiya1974 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 81-97
Published: September 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA mesoscale objective analysis of the wind and moisture field around the thunderstorms which developed over the NSSL observation network on May 28,1967 is made. The scheme of the objective analysis includes the “ time to space conversion ” of the observation relative to the mesosystems. The weighting function for the interpolation depends on both the distance between grid point and observation and the time difference between observation and analysis time. The distributions of wind and moisture obtained by the present analysis coincide fairly well with that obtained by subjective analysis.
The morphological description of the change in the environmental situation of the thunderstorms is also attempted on the basis of the obtained wind and moisture field. The convergence line, which is formed along the northern boundary of the predominant low-level southerly winds, is simultaneously intensified with the thunderstorms' development. While the middle tropospheric wind field is not modified by the thunderstorms' development, a remarkable change of winds is found at 250 mb level, where the upper outflow from the storms modifies the flow into a strong diffiuence flow pattern. The analysis of the moisture field indicates that the storms' development is associated with the increase of moisture convergence in the lower layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (2481K) -
Toshie Kitagawa-Kitade, Haruhisa Maruyama1974 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 99-110
Published: September 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is observed that potential ice nuclei activated with the addition of iodine vapor to natural air, become highly active even at such a high temperature as -8°C.
Observa tions suggest that their concentration as well as that of natural ice nuclei increases exponentially along with the fall of activation temperature, although the former shows for steeper increase contrasted to the latter.
The size of these potential ice nuclei is several 10th micron or less, which is observed by electron microscope.
The Millipore filter is found to be much more useful than the cold chamber for comparative observations, but it appears to take in iodineactivated nuclei at less than -12°C, so due provisions have to be made for possible errors. The number of nuclei observed by means of the two methods is one order smaller for the filter method than for the cold chamber, this being ascribed probably to the nuclei of extreme small size.
In both Tokyo and Karuizawa, the variation of ice nuclei concen trations is very high on some days and very low on others, and differs considerably by day and by hour, indicating little difference between the two locations under different atmospheric conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1683K) -
Sei Takagi1974 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 111-123
Published: September 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany theories of the earthquake are founded upon the hypothesis that earthquakes are produced by the occurrence of a fault, but the actual phenomena go against this hypothesis. If the hypothesis were correct, the radiation pattern ought to be shown as quadrant type, but many actual patterns are not; they are conical. So the author considers that the earthquakes are not produced by the occurrence of a fault but are produced by magma explosion in a magma pocket. In this paper two earthquakes are shown for examples.View full abstractDownload PDF (1801K) -
Muneyasu Kano, Masaatsu Miyauchi1974 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 125-137
Published: September 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method of estimation for the infrared radiative fluxes in the cloudy atmosphere is presented. The upward, downward and net infrared radiative fluxes at the ground and in the atmosphere are expressed as the linear functions of “ apparent ” fractional cloudiness of low, middle and high clouds except for the cases of upward and net fluxes at a level above the height of high cloud. At the level there are some deviations of upward and net fluxes from the linear function of “ apparent ” fractional cloudiness owing to the non-blackness of the high cloud.
The net flux of infraredradiation at the ground obtained agrees with some empirical formulas, which are expressed by a linear function of “ apparent ” fractional cloudiness of low, middle and high clouds, obtained by Russian authors in functional form and numerical figures of coefficients.
The flux of outgoing infrared radiation (the cooling rate of the earthatmosphere system) decreases with the increase of cloudiness in the case of a sky covered with a single layer of any type of cloud. On the other hand, the atmospheric infrared radiative balance (the cooling rate of the atmosphere alone) decreases with the increase of cloudiness in the case of a sky covered with a single layer of high cloud but increases with the increase of cloudiness in the case of a sky covered with a single layer of middle or low cloud.
There is a relation between computed atmospheric infrared radiation balances and computed fluxes of outgoing infrared radiation. The relation is expressed by a linear regression equation with a high correlation coefficient in the case of overcast sky. The computed regression relations agree with those obtained by several authors from observations.View full abstractDownload PDF (2030K) -
Miyuki Fujiwara, Jiro Aoyagi, Toshiko Yanase1974 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 139-145
Published: September 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Owase district is famous for its heavy rainfall, and The Electrical Communication Laboratory N. T. T. is carrying out an experiment of micro. wave propagation over Owase bay. The present report describes a brief evaluation of the effect of raindrop size distributions on the attenuation coefficient. Raindrops are assumd as spherical in the theory.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K)
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