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Volume 26 (1975)
- Issue 4 Pages 121-
- Issue 3 Pages 63-
- Issue 2 Pages 9-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 3
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Masanori Yamasaki1975 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 63-91
Published: November 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs an approach to study the interaction between the cumulus convection and the large-scale motion, a numerical experiment is performed with the use of a sufficiently fine space resolution by which the behavior of individual cumulus clouds as well as the evolution of large-scale motions can be explicitly described. For computational limitations a rectilinear two-dimensional model is adopted in which both cloud-scale and large-scale motions are uniform in one horizontal direction. We deal with a mesolike disturbance such that the horizontal scale of a large-scale ascending area where cumulus clouds are formed is only several tens of kilometers. Some cloud-microphysical processes such as autoconversion, collection and so on are incorporated, using parameterizations which have been adopted in many numerical experiments on precipitating clouds in recent years. Buoyancy perturbations are given initially so that cumulus clouds may be initiated and thereby a large-scale meridional circulation is induced.
The time integration indicates that cumulus clouds are formed one after another in the large-scale convergence field and that the large-scale circulation is intensified and maintained by the effects of cumulus clouds for a period of about 15 hours. The time variation of the large-scale field and the processes of formation, growth and decay of many individual cumulus clouds are presented and discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (5105K) -
Kyo Sekihara1975 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 93-110
Published: November 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analysis of radiometer sonde observation was done on thirty-six sets of data when simultaneous observations of ozone and water vapor concentration were carried on clear nights.
The available data were those from three stations, i. e. Kagoshima (31°38′N,130°36′E), Tateno (36°03′E,140°08′E) and Sapporo (43°03′E,141°20′E) during the period of 1971 and 1972. The vertical profiles of both downward and upward radiation fluxes in the lower stratosphere were considered through a comparison between observation and theory as calculated from water vapor, ozone and carbon dioxide.
The obsrved profiles of downward radiation flux showed decrease parallel to the theoretical ones with increasing altitude, but generally with larger quantities. These excess quantities showed on the average larger values in the higher latitudes. Moreover correlation coefficients of these values with other geophysical parameters such as ozone amount, tropopause heights and lapse rates in the lower stratosphere were calculated and all of the calculated correlation coefficients showed a definite tendency to decrease from plus to minus or increase from minus to plus with increasing latitude.
The observed profiles of upward radiation fluxes always showed remarkably larger increasing gradients than the theoretical ones. In addition the absolute values which were generally smaller than the theoretical ones at tropopause and then became larger in the stratosphere showed features contradictory to the theoretical result. The analysis of these features points to the high possibility that some instrumental defect such as the sensitiveness to the ambient temperature may exist.View full abstractDownload PDF (2091K) -
Muneyasu Kano, Masashi Suzuki, Masaatsu Miyauchi1975 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 111-119
Published: November 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are two methods, the “ d irect” and the “indirect (or subtraction)”, in obtaining the hemispherical (downward or upward) longwave radiation flux in the daytime. Both of them have some defects. The defect of the direct method is that the method is not practicable in the field where weather conditions vary, whlile that of the indirect method is troubles coming from difference in the sensitivity of the total radiometer as between the shortwave and the longwave spectral region.
Here is presented a methed by whic h the troubles in the indirect method can be eliminated and consequently the hemispherical longwave radiation flux in the daytime can be adequately obtained. An example of downward longwave radiation flux obtained by the method is presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (1135K)
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