巻号一覧
48 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の4件中1～4を表示しています
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I. Oesophagus and StomachFusao Yamasaki, Kyozo Takahashi1971 年 48 巻 5 号 p. 271-293
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーThe oesophagus and the stomach of eight Platanista gangetica whose body length is ranging from 76 to 127 cm were examined macroand light-microscopically.
The oesophagus is a distensible muscular tube and has longitudinal folds, lined with thick stratified squamous epithelium. The oesophagus bifurcates and leads to the first and the second compartments without constrictions, and the passage to the second compartment is rather straighter than that leading to the first compartment.
The stomach of Platanista consists o f three compartments between the lower end of the oesophagus and the duodenal ampulla. The first compartment is located dorsally and to the left side of the second one, and is a thick-walled muscular sac capable of considerable dilatation. Its inner surface is covered with epithelium identical to that of the oesophagus, having no glands. Thus the first compartment is nothing but a dilated sac at the lower end of the oesophagus, and it is supposed that the main function of this compartment is the storage and breakingdown of foods. The preliminary chemical digestion in the first compartment was also discussed.
The second compartm ent is a globular thick-walled sac and can be divided by a external groove and an accompanying internal crescent septum into two parts—the oral and the anal. The border between the oesophagus and the second compartment exhibits an abrupt change from the oesophageal epithelium to the glandular one. The cardiac glands were found at a very narrow zone along the border line between the oesophagus and the second compartment. The rest of the mucous membrane of the second compartment, both oral and anal parts, is occupied by a glandular structure consisting of three kinds of cells; chief, parietal and mucous cells. The ratio of the chief cells to the parietal cells is about 3: 1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4104K) -
Takuro Murakami1971 年 48 巻 5 号 p. 295-322
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーThe arterial system of the deep planta was studied in forty feet of Japanese adult cadavers. Results obtained are as follows.
I. Besides the deep plantar arch lying on the p lantar surfaces of the interosseous muscles, another deeper arch formation, which corresponds to a part of Pars profundus of Arcus plantaris profundus of Koch (1939) and Catella plantaris proximalis of Nishi (1943) in the foot of the monkey, was found, though only in two feet, on the plantar surface of the fourth metatarsal bone or in the fourth intermetatarsal space deep to the plantar surfaces of the interosseous muscles.
II. The so-called plantar metatarsal arteries can be classified, as in the so-called palmar metacarpal arteries (Murakami,1969), into four arteries different in position and course (sM arteries descending along the lateral four metatarsal bones on the plantar surfaces of the interosseous muscles, dM arteries descending along these bones deep to the plantar surfaces of the muscles, sI arteries descending in the lateral intermetatarsal spaces on the plantar surfaces of the muscles and dI arteries descending in these spaces deep to the plantar surfaces of the muscles), although they often take abnormal oblique courses in proportion to the increment of the contribution of the dorsalis pedis artery to the deep plantar 'arch. Out of them, the sM arteries are the most fundamental in occurrence and also in contribution to the arte rial supply of the toes.
III. Deep to the first dorsal interosseous muscle there occasionally occur three descending arteries. We arbitrarily call the artery descending close to the plantar surface of the muscle sI1, the artery descending along the medial side of the first metatarsal bone dI1 and the artery descending on the plantar aspect of the bone dM1. The dM1 is usually well developed to supply the toes. A rare faint artery lying dorsal to the long flexor tendon of the first toe is referred to as sM1.
IV. We show ideal distributions of arteries near the meta t arsophalangeal joints. Various patterns of arteries to the toes can be considered as the results of the alterations whereby some of the normally existing small arteries or their branches are unusually well developed while others are reduced or wanting in turn.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4522K) -
Kazuyuki Ono, Reiko Yokota1971 年 48 巻 5 号 p. 323-331
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーNon-specific alkaline phosphatase activity was electron microscopically investigated in the small intestine of the rat. A mixture of 1-naphthyl phosphate and hexazotized pararosanilin was intravascularly or -luminally perfused into the small intestine of living animals. About 3 minutes after intraluminal or -vascular perfusion, reaction products of a reddish purple colour appeared on the luminal surface of the small intestine; intense reaction was detected on the epithelium of the duodenum and jejunum, whereas the terminal portion of the ileum seems to be devoid of the activity of this enzyme.
In the electron microscope, electron dense reaction p r oducts (about 40 mμ in diameter) were observed on the membranes covering microvilli of the intestinal epithelium. When the incubating mixture was intravascularly perfused into the small intestine, reaction products were seen not only on the plasma membrane of microvilli but also on the lateral cell membrane of the duodenal and jejunal epithelium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1594K) -
Hiroshi Hoshi1971 年 48 巻 5 号 p. 333-345
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーThe comparative study o n the morphological characters of the mandible in Norma lateralis was made in 78 species of mammals. In the present investigation, special attention was paid of the relation of mandibular shape to food habit.
(1) All mammals can be divided into two groups according to the mandibular shape: the first group comprises Carnivora, Chiroptera, Insectivora, and Zoophaga of Marsupialia, and the second group, Ungulata, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Primates, Proboscidea, and Phytophaga of Marsupialia.
(2) The characteristics of the first group consisted of large coronoid process, well-developed masseteric fossa, styloid angular process, short condyloid process, and canoe-shaped body, while the second group is characterised by small or slender coronoid process, small and shallow massecteric fossa, absence of the angular process (except rodents), tall condyloid process, and tapering body with slight modifications.
(3) In view of the food habit, the first group is animal-eating (except Megachiroptera), and the second, plant-eating. Therefore, the author calls the former “ Zoophagous Group ” and the latter “ Phytophagous Group ”. It is suggested that Megachiroptera may have lately changed its alimentation from insectivorous to frugivorous style.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1972K)
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