This paper analyzes relationship between the exposure time and the adsorption onto the Si wafer surface when the concentration of the airborne molecular contaminants is low in the semiconductor manufacturing clean room. The results suggested that, in the low concentration of DBP, we should control both the exposure time and the contaminant concentration in the environment air. The relationship between the exposure time and the amount of adsorption onto the silicon wafer surface was shown experimentally. Specifically, the adsorption rate of DBP onto the wafer surface was shown to be described by the Langmuir type, and the adsorption rate constants were k=2.49×10^<-7> and 6.62×10^<-6>(l/s) for DBP 0.1 and 1.6(μg/m^3), respectively. This study made it possible to compute the adsorption-rate constant of DBP from the environment concentration at 295K.

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A toilet bowl will continue being used every day for about 20 years after installation. Therefore, it becomes important at the time of home remodeling to select equipment with the smallest environmental impact on an environmental measure. The adoption of the newest water-saving toilet bowl is efficient at the following levels: 29.1kg/per household/per year reduction of CO2; and 5,716 to 20,794 yen/per household/per year reduction in water and sewage costs. The economic and environmental effects of the adoption of energy-saving home appliances are widely recognized, and the EcoPoint system, which promotes such changes, is also employed. However, to date, the influence of the changes in housing equipment during remodeling has not been recognized. In this study, we have discussed the effect of remodeling on the water-saving toilet bowl.

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