Fluctuations in heating and cooling loads according to the recent weather data 2nd report- Comparison of heating and cooling load based on annual and standard year meteorological data at 17 locations nationwide Using hourly meteorological data from 1991 to 2019 at 17 national locations , we conducted a simulation of the heating and cooling loads of offices and detached houses, and achieved the following results. 1. The annual cooling load of offices based on hourly weather data from 1991 to 2019 at 17 locatios nationwide is found to typically increase. In contrast the annual heating load generally decreases. The annual cooling and heating loads of detached houses tend to be the same as those of offices, i.e., increase in annual cooling load, and decrease in annual heating load. 2. For offices, the annual cooling load based on the standard annual weather data obtained for every 10 years is found to increase, and the annual heating load is decreasing. Detached houses show the same trend. The weather data for each year is reflected. 3. The annual cooling loads based on the annual 2010 standard year weather data and weather data are compared, and difference is found to be small. Similarly, the difference in annual heating load is small.

Herein, a method to measure the radiative heat emitted from hot equipment such as commercial kitchen range and flyer is investigated. Radiative heat cannot be captured by local exhaust ventilation systems; thus, it contributes to the heat load of HVAC systems and influences human comfort. A previous paper showed a detail experiment method to determine radiative heat in the laboratory. In this study, a simple measurement method in the laboratory is studied and the result is compared to results obtained by a previously reported detail measurement method. The difference in the results is small and the effect of the emissivity value of a high-temperature surface on radiative heat is considerably strong. A field measurement method is also examined in this study and is conducted in two commercial kitchens. The results show that emissivity and surface temperature of the hot equipment are considerably important for the radiative heat measurement. In contrast, the effect of temperature of surrounding obstacles such as wall, ceiling and floor is weak. Moreover, the effect of shielding plates on the radiative heat emitted from a high-temperature surface is studied.

In recent years, for the reduction of the global environmental load and protection of water resources, comprehensive evaluation of strategies for the effective use of water resources and energy conservation has become necessary. This research focuses on various processes in planning, designing, and operation of a building water supply and drainage sanitary system, and the purpose is to develop a simulation tool for practical designers that simultaneously calculates the amount of water used in and energy consumed by plumbing systems. In this report, the calculation system of the developed tool and the water supply load calculation method are discussed, and the applicability of this tool for determining the energy consumption of a water supply system is verified by using measured data.

In recent years, building information modeling (BIM) has been rapidly applied in the field of construction, and demands for more efficient design and construction are increasing. Compared to conventional 3D CAD, one of the more advantageous features is that it can be expected to save labor in input work by using various data in BIM for technical calculations such as structural calculation and air conditioning load calculation. However, because various specialized technical calculation tools have been used in the past, problems may occur if there are differences between the results of these tools and those of BIM. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of the computational function of BIM. The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences and characteristics of the calculation results between BIM and specialized software in air conditioning load calculation. In this study, the latent heat load was induced only by the human body when the draft air volume was low; therefore, there was no significant difference between the three software in sensible heat factor (SHF). Therefore, it is considered that there is no particular problem even if the load calculation function of the BIM software is used for the calculation of the blown air volume and the load for each space required for selecting the indoor unit. However, it is necessary to confirm and utilize the calculation results considering the fact that the maximum cooling load may occur in months other than July and August.

To maintain an acceptable level of indoor air quality, a large volume of ventilation is required in smoking rooms, which increases the air conditioning load. In order to improve air quality and achieve energy saving, we have developed a smoking room system equipped with the following features: (1) deodorizing devices that reduce ventilation volume, (2) ventilation volume ratio control based on outside air conditions, (3) variable ventilation control with headcount sensors, (4) feedback control from air quality monitors, and (5) displacement ventilation that forms an air flow from the floor to the ceiling. The results of a one-week field test showed the annual primary energy consumption required for air conditioning and transporting air was reduced by about 60%.

The heat generated in large space facilities such as power plant buildings is usually treated by ventilation systems. When choosing a mechanical ventilation system, the ventilation capacity is designed to be adaptable for the most severe conditions. However, it is necessary to consider an efficient operation method and an automated control system to achieve energy saving throughout the year. This study investigated a turbine building of a thermal power plant with a mechanical ventilation system to obtain knowledge on the design and operation methods that realize energy saving during ventilation air conditioning. Upon assessment of the thermal environment and the ventilation circuit network calculation, it was found that the number of roof fans in operation can be significantly reduced. This was confirmed by the measurement data.