This study aimed to identify the factors associated with subjective sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults receiving community rehabilitation services. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to categorize the participants into good sleepers (AIS ≤ 3) and poor sleepers (AIS ≥ 4), suggesting insomnia. Locomotive activities, mental health using the mental component summary (MCS), activities of daily-living using the functional independence measure (FIM), and depression using the geriatric depression scale (GDS) were evaluated, and sleep-related participant characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. Relevant variables were selected using Lasso regression and were further analyzed using logistic regression. Poor sleepers accounted for 66.7% of the participants. The LASSO regression analysis identified age, daily-living physical activity, MCS, and pain scores as the predictive variables. A logistic regression analysis revealed that higher levels of daily-living activities (OR = 0.08, p = 0.006) and MCS (OR = 0.23, p = 0.030) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of poor sleep, whereas older age (OR = 3.87, p = 0.051) and higher pain scores (OR = 3.75, p = 0.080) were associated with an increased risk. These findings suggest that subjective sleep quality in older adults requiring long-term care may be strongly influenced by daily-living physical activity, mental well-being, and pain. Therefore, in addition to psychological support and pain management, interventions that emphasize the promotion of daily-living physical activity may be effective in maintaining good sleep quality.

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アカモク（Sargassum horneri）は北海道東部を除く日本沿岸に広く分布する褐藻で、近年全国的に食されるようになってきた。本種は茹で加工をすることで鮮やかな緑色に変化するとともに特有の粘りのある食感となる。本研究では、山口県内の2地域で収穫された生アカモクと加工アカモクを比較するとともに、茹で条件がポリフェノール量および抗酸化性（DPPHラジカル捕捉能）に及ぼす影響を検討した。茹で操作によりポリフェノールが茹で汁へ流出し抗酸化性が低下することが確認されたが、茹でた後も藻体中にはポリフェノールが残存し抗酸化作用を示した。生アカモクでは産地間での差は認められなかったが、茹で操作によるポリフェノール、DPPHラジカル消去活性の減少には差が認められた。さらに、総ポリフェノール量とDPPHラジカル捕捉能との間に強い正の相関が認められ、抗酸化能の主要因がポリフェノール類であることが推測された。

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The aim of this study was to systematically map recent original research on mindfulness-based breathing techniques (MB) using a scoping review approach, with a focus on identifying research trends and gaps. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and PsycINFO, targeting studies published between 2020 and 2025. Studies involving healthy adults and examining MB as a standalone intervention were included, resulting in a final sample of 20 articles that met the eligibility criteria. Across the studies included, a wide range of outcomes—psychological, cognitive, and physiological—were assessed, reflecting a multidimensional approach to evaluating the effects of MB. While the findings generally suggested beneficial effects, some studies did not employ direct measures of mindfulness states. Therefore, although the observed outcomes may be attributable to mindfulness processes, caution is warranted in interpreting these effects. Regarding intervention characteristics, common core processes were identified, including non-judgmental attention to the breath and the refocusing of attention when distracted. However, variability was observed in practice duration and implementation settings. Notably, many studies employed relatively short-duration interventions, suggesting potential advantages in terms of feasibility and applicability, particularly for beginners and in educational or clinical contexts. Despite these promising findings, important limitations were identified. In particular, the sustainability of effects and optimal intervention conditions remain insufficiently examined. Future research should aim to clarify the definition and structural components of MB, ensure the appropriate selection of outcome measures, and adopt longitudinal study designs integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Addressing these issues will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and applications of mindfulness-based breathing techniques.

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本研究は、PPCI（プライマリー経皮的冠動脈インターベンション）治療過程において、各部門の機能特性が急性冠症候群（ACS）患者家族への看護支援に与える影響を、救急外来・血管造影室・集中治療室の3部門の比較から明らかにすることを目的とした。PPCI実施施設34施設の救急外来、血管造影室、集中治療室に勤務する看護師258名を対象に郵送法による自記式質問紙調査を実施した。Molter（1979）の家族ニード分類を理論的枠組みとし、安楽・情報・接近の3領域18項目について6段階リッカート尺度で評価した。部署間比較にはχ2検定および一元配置分散分析（事後比較：Tukey HSD法）を用いた。すべてのニード領域において部署間に有意差を認めた（p < .001）。救急外来では安楽・情報ニードへの基本的支援は6～7割前後で実施されていたが、面会調整や部門間連携は不十分であった。血管造影室では全ニードの実施率および得点が一貫して最低値を示し、治療優先の部門特性に起因する構造的制約が家族支援を規定していることが示された。集中治療室では包括的な支援が高率で実施されており、特に次の治療先への情報伝達（92.4 %）や面会調整（90.5 %）が高値を示した。事後比較では、血管造影室は救急外来・集中治療室の双方より有意に低値を示したが（すべてp < .001）、救急外来と集中治療室の間に有意差は認めなかった。PPCI治療過程における家族への看護支援は、看護師個人の態度や能力よりも、各部門の機能特性・時間的制約といった構造的要因に強く規定されることが明らかとなった。血管造影室を「支援の構造的空白域」として特定した本知見は、部門横断的な家族支援体制の設計に向けた実践的根拠を提供するものである。

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Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) were synthesized via the radical photopolymerization of isotropic mixtures comprising a cyanobiphenyl nematic liquid-crystalline mixture and monomers. The optical and switching properties of the PDLCs depended on the polymerization initiators and thiol monomers used. The polymerization initiators used were 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (CPK) and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide (PPO), while the thiol monomers used were 1,4 bis(3 mercaptobutyroyloxy)butane (B2), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptobutylate) (T3), and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3 mercaptobutylate) (T4). The PDLCs prepared using PPO exhibited superior optical switching performance compared with those prepared using CPK. Particularly, the PDLCs fabricated with PPO and B2 exhibited a high initial haze value of 94.2 % at 0 V, which decreased to 11.0 % upon the application of an electric field of 100 V. The initial haze values of the PDLCs containing B2, T3, and T4 followed the order B2 > T3 > T4. At 100 V, the haze values of the PDLCs containing B2, T3, and T4 were nearly identical and in the range from 11.0 % to 12.6 %. These results indicate that the optical and switching properties of PDLCs are strongly influenced by small amounts of thiol monomers and the type of polymerization initiator used.

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The most novel aspect of this study is to clarify the advantages of a three-dimensional (3D) urban mobility system that connects clusters of high-rise buildings. It is necessary to develop a three-dimensional urban mobility system connecting high-rise buildings due to serious traffic congestion in cities. A three-dimensional taxi is proposed as an example in this paper. This taxi is expected to be an innovative alternative to ground transportation which is widely used. The purpose of this study is to clarify the advantages of this three-dimensional taxi. First, the basic model of this system is described. Next, the following basic functions (four functions) of this system will be introduced. (1) Vehicle dispatch management function for busy and off-peak times: Empty vehicles will be moved in advance to the areas where the congestion is expected and kept waiting. In addition, during times of off-peak (low demand), the 3D taxis will automatically move to a dedicated waiting space and reduce the power consumption for the entire system. (2) The 3D taxi-route determining function: The optimal 3D travel route is derived based on real-time demand responses and traffic conditions. (3) Safety management functions (including collision avoidance): It controls the safe and smooth passage of 3D taxis at intersections, etc. Furthermore, even on a straight path, when multiple 3D taxis are in the same vicinity, the control software is automatically implemented to avoid collisions. (4) Evacuation procedures in the event of a high-rise building fire: The 3D elevators can operate and 3D taxis can be also used even during a power outage. Specifically, the average waiting time required for dispatching 3D taxis is derived when they are placed at several stops in a 3D route network. Simulations are conducted to clarify how the average waiting time for dispatching taxis changes as the number of 3D taxis increases.

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Fire evacuation procedures in high-rise buildings must be designed and implemented with stricter standards than those in ordinary buildings. The basic principles, specific evacuation methods, and new ideas that have emerged in recent years are explained below. The basic rule in case of a fire is not to use elevators. There is a possibility of power outages, smoke spreading, and elevators stopping in the event of a fire. The basic approach is to evacuate vertically using the stairs. The main means of the evacuation is to use the disaster prevention stairs. The following facilities are provided: fireproof and smokeproof structure, emergency lighting, handrails, guide-lights and outdoor stairs. These facilities do not allow smoke to stagnate. Some buildings have floors that can be used to temporarily ensure safety, such as sky lobbies or intermediate evacuation floors. Recent thinking has placed emphasis on fire-resistant/smoke-resistant shafts, the use of emergency power sources, and automatic avoidance of fire floors. An efficient and safe three-dimensional urban mobility system that realizes these functions is proposed in this study. In addition, the distance from the source of the fire to the farthest elevator is derived through a simulation.

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Heart failure refers to a condition in which the heart’s pumping function deteriorates, making it unable to send enough blood to the rest of the body. It is necessary to investigate the cause of this phenomenon. It is thought to occur as the final stage of many heart diseases. The following diseases are considered to be the cause, namely: ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction and angina pectoris), hypertensive heart disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation). The initial symptoms are shortness of breath and fatigue. As the symptom progresses, it may include difficulty breathing at rest, nighttime cough/shortness of breath, leg swelling, weight gain, loss of appetite, and fatigue. The diagnosis is basically determined by medical history/physical examination, chest X-ray (cardiomegaly), electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and blood tests (BNP, NT-proBNP). BNP or NT-proBNP is used as a marker for heart failure. The subject in this study was elderly, had high blood pressure, and suffered from heart failure due to atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, the subject’s atrial fibrillation symptoms worsened, with NT-proBNP levels exceeding 1200 pg/ml, which is approximately 10 times the borderline level of 125 pg/ml. The diagnosis would indicate that the heart failure is quite advanced, based on this information. However, the subject did not exhibit signs of heart failure, such as shortness of breath or chest tightness. Moreover, his pulse rate settled into the 70-80 range. This paper presents a single-case study summarizing findings on heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and pulse rate, derived from approximately one year of monitored physiological data from a subject exhibiting atypical characteristics. It is believed this paper will be helpful to patients suffering from similar illnesses.

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無意図的音楽想起（Involuntary Musical Imagery，いわゆるイヤーワーム）は、多くの人が経験する身近な現象であるにもかかわらず、これまで「耳から離れない」「集中を妨げる」といった否定的側面に注目されてきた。本研究では、本邦における無意図的音楽想起の実態を明らかにするとともに、その心理的・行動的影響、特にポジティブな影響について検討することを目的とした。成人男女2000人を対象に全国規模のオンライン調査を実施し、無意図的音楽想起の経験があると回答した600人を対象に詳細調査を行った。調査項目は、無意図的音楽想起の発生頻度、発生しやすい状況や曲の特徴、音楽との関わり方、ならびに発生時の心理的・行動的影響とした。その結果、全体の約6割が無意図的音楽想起を経験していた。無意図的音楽想起は、「主に体を動かしている時」に生じやすく、「歌詞を伴う曲」や「自分が好きな曲」で多く発生していた。また、「気分が明るくなる」「リラックスする」「活気やモチベーションが高まる」といった心理的影響や、「仕事や勉強がはかどる」「物事の達成を助ける」といった行動的影響が一定割合で認められた。特に、「主に体を動かしている時」や「歌詞を伴う曲」や「自分が好きな曲」で無意図的音楽想起が生じやすい人では、これらのポジティブな影響が有意に多かった。以上より、無意図的音楽想起は一概に否定的な現象ではなく、状況や曲の特性によっては心理的活性や課題遂行を支える可能性が示唆された。

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2020年以降、新型コロナウィルスの感染拡大防止のために、スポーツ界も様々な行動制限を受けた。遠征合宿の食事の時間には、黙食やソーシャルディスタンスの確保が求められ、結果として選手やスタッフのコミュニケーションの機会が奪われることとなった。一方で、従来の遠征合宿ではトレーニングスケジュールの都合上、栄養教育のための時間の確保が難しかったが、静寂な時間や座席間のスペースはこの実施に有利に働くと考えられた。そこで本活動では、コロナ禍の感染対策によって生まれた「時間」や「スペース」を遠征合宿中の栄養教育に活かすことを目的とした。対象は日本スケート連盟スピードスケート部門のナショナル強化選手とし、栄養教育は2020～2021年シーズンの強化合宿・遠征滞在先の食事会場で実施した。具体的には、会場内に講義形式に（一方向に向かって）長机を並べ、机の中央に卓上イーゼルを設置し、栄養情報の印刷物を掲示した（この媒体を“ポップ”とした）。ポップを挟んで着席する選手の座席間には1 mのソーシャルディスタンスが保たれるようにした。ポップにはその食事に使われた食材の栄養素や競技力に関するエビデンスを示し、帯同中の栄養スタッフが強化選手のポップに対する興味・関心を定性的に評価した。ほぼすべての選手がポップに目を留め、熟読したり質問したりする選手も見受けられた。このことより、ポップの掲示は栄養知識に触れる機会を提供できることが示された。加えて、感染対策時以外でも、特別な時間を設定せずに栄養教育が行える媒体として有効であることが示唆された。

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