There is no intelligence test in existence which measures the intelligence of hearing impaired children of Japan concerning their achievement in academic subjects. In the United States, however, the Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude is recognized as fit to measure the intelligence of hearing impaired children. In 1970, 1 the writer attempted to apply this test to 32 Japanese hearing impaired children to discover whether this test could also measure the intelligence of Japanese hearing impaired and arithemetic children. The writer rated the linguistic ability of hearing impaired children according to the teachers ratings and also the scores of the achievement tests. The writer found that the Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude can fairly well determine the linguistic and arithmetic achievements of Japanese hearing impaired children. The writer then analysed the subtest scores of the Hiskey-Nebraska test of Learning Aptitude and found that the scores of three of the subtests somewhat correlated to the academic achievement of hearing impaired children. The scores of the "Memory for Digits" subtest correlated to their linguistic and arithmetic achievement. And the scores of the "Block Patterns" and "Spatial Reasoning" subtests correlated to their achievements fairly well. The writer concluded that these subtests measure the reasoning ability that is necessary to learn linguistic and arithmetic subjects. It can thus be concluded that the Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude can also be used as a valid test to measure the intelligence of Japanese hearing impaired children.

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This article aimed at the following points in order to get the guiding star of the theory and methodology in understanding behaviors of sick and weak children. These are: (1) to make clear knowledges and theoretical and methodological problems in the studies on behaviors of the sick and weak in Japan, (2) to intend to propose a problem the phenomenological point of view which is regarded as suggestive to understanding behaviors of the sick and weak. For these purposes, the studies on behaviors of sick and weak and literatures pertinent to the phenomenological approach to human behavior were referred. Results were as follows. (1) The studies on behaviors of the sick and weak pay attention chiefly to their general tendencies. (2) The phenomenological approach is suggestive when we intend to understand individual differences in behaviors of the sick and weak. (3) Personal documents of the sick and weak are useful for understanding individual differences in behaviors of them. (4) Others.

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In this study, it was attempted to investigate a nature of cerebral palsied children in the form and color perception. Responses of the cerebral palsied children were studied by analyzing their pattern not only under the restricted condition but under the various condition. Thirty five of cerebral palsied children aged 4 to 7 years and 65 of normal subjects aged 4 to 6 years were studied. The response of children was examined by the method of matching a series of geometrical figures (square, equilateral, diamond circle) and their colors (red, blue, green, yellw, gray). They were matched by either form or color but never both simultaneously. Children's responses were classified into the "form" response (F), the "color" response (C), mixed response or unstable response (Us), and no selecting (N). The main results were as follows: the responses of the cerebral palsied children to form-color perception differed from those of the normal children in the general respects. 1) For the cerebral palsied children, form responses (F) and mixed responses (Us) were more dominant than the color response, whereas normal children tended to select more she form response than were thecerebral palsied children. 2) The responses of the cerebral palsied were not related to the age of the children. 3) The response pattern of the cerebral palsied children was influenced by the features of the standard figures. 4) We could not find any difference of the response the cerebral palsied under the conditions between instruction I and II. In the instruction I Ss were forced to select, and in the instruction II Ss were not. 5) The ability to shift was difference between the cerebral palsied and normal children. Only 8.1 percent of thecerebral palsied children were able to shift from form to color (or from color to form) in contrast to 23 percent of normal children. The difference was statistically significant. (p<0.01) 6) In resonse-pattern of denomination the same effects as i) was observed.

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Before modern society the handicapped was often confined in the room or watch by people. The midget was worked for the governing class as comedian in ancient China and Japan. Some Chinese philosopher, for example, Confucius blamed dwarf for reason why politician was corupted by them. As a result, shogun or the military caste could not go to show-booth during Tokugawa period which was greatly influenced by Confucian scholar. It was specially in the later fudal society when there were many handicapped who were played as actor for citizen. They had 74 kind of the handicapped showman. Why did they bocome showman? For the first place, they were sold and bought by merchant of person. Secondly, the sin of their father are visited on the children. The retribution was a kind of moral educatin in Japan. Meiji Goverment often prohibited peopile to watch cripple showman after 1868 in order to reform unequal treaty between foreign countries and the Tokugawa Shogunate, but had no policy of social welfare for the handicapped. So they had to continue working as a player. They were not actor and actress until goverment gave pulic support to them after the Second World War. Owing to the Law of Social Welfare for Child in 1947, for The Physically Handicapped in 1949 and The Livelihood Protection Law in 1950, they can manage to keep without playing.

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The present investigation was designed to elucidate the auditory function concerning the effect of frequency filtration on the intelligibility of Japanese monosyllables in normal young children and the mentally retarded. The normal subjects were 20 children aged 4 and 5 years and 5 young adults. The mentally retarded subjects were 68 children aged between 8 and 18 years. Their mental ages ranged from 4 to 10 years and their IQs were from 45-84. Methods. The test material consisted of 20 phonetically balanced monosyllables in Japanese speech audiometry (67 AB list). From the tape recorder the test material was transmitted to an audiofilter. The filtered test material was fed into an audiometer and delivered to the subject with an earphone monoaurally. Three filtrations were used; low-pass filtration below 1200 Hz, high-pass one above 1700 Hz and band-pass one between 1200 and 2400 Hz. The test was carried out with pure tone audiometry, standard speech audiometry and filtered speech audiometry Results In the normal children, 50 dB sensation level was usually enough for 4 years old children and 40 dB for 5 years old ones to discriminate monosyllables on the standard (unfiltered) speech audiometry. It was found that 10 to 20 dB above the average level of the normal children was necessary for the mentally retarded to get correct discrimination. On the low-pass filtration, the discrimination scores were the poorest. They remained below 70%, in all subjects. In comparison with the low-pass filtration, the highpass one showed good discrimination scores for both normal subjects and the mentally retarded. In normal children, the result of the band-pass filtration was almost the same as that of the high-pass one. However, in the mentally retarded its result lay between that of the low-pass filtration and that of the high-pass one. Moreover, there was a gap in discrimination between the normal subjects and the mentally retarded in each filtration test, especially in the band-pass one. There was a very great variation in discrimination scores from one subject to another, especially in the mentally retarded. The clear developmental stage of discrimination ability was found in the normal subjects and not in the mentally retarded. There was no significant difference in discrimination ability between boys and girls as well as between left and right ears.

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