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Volume 34 (1996)
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Volume 34, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Toshirou MIZUTA, Dan OOHIRA, Yoshio KITAJIMA, Toshihide KOIKE, Akiyosh ...Article type: Article
1996 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 1-11
Published: November 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBecause of the severe dysfunction of their central nervous system, persons with profound retardation have weak responsiveness, which is related to their expectancy of receiving stimuli. In the educational situation, it has been indicated that intervention with vestibular-proprioceptive stimulation evokes not only smiling or laughing, but also the occurrence of behavior related to the expectancy of receiving stimuli from the environment. The present study aimed to evoke this expectancy response by use of vestibular-proprioceptive stimulation, and to examine its effects on the occurrence of expectancy, through measuring emotional expression. Twenty persons with profound retardation (developmental age between 3 months and 1 year) participated. The experimenter showed his upper body through a window of a booth 2m. from the subjects, and called the subject's name for 2 sec (S1 condition). Then he hid his body for 3 sec. Again he presented himself behind a screen 0.8m. from the subjects and called the subject's name for 3 sec (S1-S2 condition). We presented another condition (S1-S2V condition) as a comparison, which was S2 combined with vestibular-proprioceptive stimulation. Heart rate was recorded simultaneously to examine the presence of anticipatory deceleration. The results were as follows: 10 subjects who exhibited deceleration in heart rate in the S1-S2 condition showed the same change in the S1-S2V condition. These subjects expressed the emotional behavior of smiling or laughing. Six subjects exhibited a gradual increase in heart rate in the S1-S2 condition, and a gradual decrease in the S1-S2V condition. Two subjects showed acceleration of heart rate in the S1-S2V condition, which indicated a defensive response. These results indicated that vestibular-proprioceptive stimulation might be effective to evoke the expectancy response in persons with profound retardation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1026K) -
Satoru SATOArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 13-22
Published: November 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was done to describe the clinical picture of the movement disabilities of children with cerebral palsy, and to examine the difficulty with which they learn movements in their developmental period. On the basis of a factor analysis, taking as index the degree of attainment of the model-pattern movements of the DOUSA method, in one handred and twenty eight cases of children with cerebral palsy between the ages of 4 and 16, five movement-disability rating scales were constituted. Further, taking these scale scores as index, a cluster analysis was performed, leading to their classification into 7 clusters. For each cluster, materials of the clinical picture of movement disability, as shown by the scale scores; degree of attainment of motor development, as shown by sample scores for quantification methods of the third type; and movement changes in 74 subjects followed up for 3-5 years were arranged. The following were pointed out as related to the problem in learning movement in their developmental period: (1) problems with the acquisition of movements against gravity, especially movement when kneeling, (2) problems of the G-pattern in their developmental process, and (3) problems of cervical control in children with cerebral palsy who were poor in spontaneous movement and of the hypotensive type were pointed out regarding.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Masahiro TANAKAArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 23-32
Published: November 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the relation between family functioning (satisfactory cohesion and family role) and stress in mothers of children with disabilities, the responses on a questionnaire completed by three handred and sixty people from 180 families of children with disabilities were compared with those of 420 people from 210 families of children without disabilities. The results were as follows: (1) On all scales, mothers who had children with disabilities showed higher stress than those who had children without disabilities. Parents who had children without disabilities revealed higher levels of satisfactory cohesion and family role. (2) Distresses in marital relations are reduced by means of attainment of satisfactory family cohesion. (3) In the families of children with disabilities, mothers who reported high stress showed lower levels on the scale measuring satisfactory cohesion. However, fathers in those families showed higher levels on that scale. This suggests that the conflicts of fathers and mothers should be considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (917K) -
Hyun-ok LEE, Shigeo KOBAYASHIArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 33-44
Published: November 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA language development survey (Korean edition; Kotoba-no-yosu) was conducted on infants in Korea. A rank analysis of items was applied to the results of infants without developmental disabilities in order to analyze the process of language acquisition. The results with autistic children were coded in a structural diagram and used to investigate the conditions and characteristics of infants and children with autism. The results were as follows: The process of language development in children with autism showed little relation to that process in children without developmental disabilities. We also found considerable individual differences among the children with autism. In particular, the individual patterns in children with autism appeared to be a reflection of their problems with language development. Future research should examine the possibility of determining specific methods for guiding the language development of children like these.View full abstractDownload PDF (1241K) -
Yumiko KUBO, Hideo NAGAOArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 45-54
Published: November 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to identify children at environmental risk through the JHSQ (Japanese version of the Home Screening Questionnaire), and to examine the relationship between familial factors and child development. Children who underwent compulsory health check-ups at 10 months of age were followed at 18 and 36 months of age. The JHSQ was mailed to their mothers for completion before they came for each visit, and the children took various developmental tests at the same time. The results were as follows: (1) Of children who had showed normal development but high environmental risk at 10 months of age, the proportion at developmental risk at 18 and 36 months of age was significantly higher than for children with normal development and low environmental risk. Also, the proportion of children without developmental disabilities who had showed developmental risk but low environmental risk at 10 months of age was higher at 18 and 36 months of age than in children who had had developmental risk and high environmental risk at 10 months of age. (2) The home environmental stimulation of children at developmental risk at 18 months of age who had had normal development but high environmental risk at 10 months of age was significantly lower at 18 and 36 months than in children without developmental delays at 18 and 36 months of age. (3) Children who had had developmental risk at 10 months of age but low environmental risk at 18 months of age showed no delay in development at 36 months of age. The results indicated that both environmental and developmental risk factors should be evaluated in infant health examinations in order to identify children at risk for developmental problems, and that early screening with the JHSQ of children at environmental risk, and early intervention with those children, can be utilized to prevent developmental disabilities.View full abstractDownload PDF (967K) -
Koichi TANIArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 55-62
Published: November 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been recognized that the posture of persons with scoliosis would be improved if they could use their strength vertically. This paper examines the factors that are important in order to achieve this. There were two subjects: One with Rett syndrome (11:10 years), and the other with cerebral palsy (36:3 years). These two persons were treated with the clinical Dousa method. During that treatment, through making trainees experience "the sense of trampling on the floor" at the buttocks on the side of a concave scoliosis, they were provided with a cue about how to use their body, especially the upper part of their body. By the above approach, it was confirmed that both persons were able to use their strength vertically. From this effect, it was proved that the method of making trainees experience "the sense of trampling on the floor" at the buttocks on the side on which they have a weak sense of trampling on the floor is significant for them to acquire the ability to use their strength vertically. It is suggested that the clinical Dousa method can function to delay the progress of scoliosis or to improve the posture of people with scoliosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (994K) -
Kiyohiko KAWAUCHIArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 63-71
Published: November 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to investigate the semantic structure of images that sixth graders have of peers with and without visual impairments by means of semantic differential scales, and the relation of these images to their experience of direct contact with such children, their gender, and their classroom. The concepts of "peers" used in this study were 1) totally blind peer, 2) partially sighted peer, 3) peer wearing glasses, 4) liked peer, 5) unpopular peer, and 6) peer with higher grades. One hundred twenty sixth-graders were asked to complete a semantic differential questionnaire concerning these concepts. The factor analysis of their responses yielded three factors common to all concepts … "interpersonal relations", "vitality", and "intelligence". Three scales of images about peers with and without visual impairments were developed, based on the result of a factor analysis. The results were as folows: (1) The concept of a totally blind peer was rated higher than that of a partially sighted peer on the "interpersonal relation" scale. (2) The concepts of partially sighted and totally blind peers were rated lower than that of a liked peer on the "vitality" scale, and lower than that of a peer wearing glasses on the "intelligence" scale. (3) No significant relation was found between contact with people with visual impairments and images on the three scales. (4) Female students held more favorable images about people with visual impairments than did male students on the "interpersonal relation" and "vitality" scales. (5) Students who belonged to a classroom where there were good interpersonal relations held more favorable images about people with visual impairments than did students who belonged to classrooms where there were bad interpersonal relations.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 73-82
Published: November 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (989K)
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