This study was conducted to investigate the concurrent validity of the Draw-A-Man Intelligence Test (DAM) in the cerebral palsied children through the analysis of the relationships among DAM, WISC-R and Bender Gestalt Test, which to determine the mean differences and the correlations between the IQs obtained from tests and to predict the DAMIQ from the PIQ, VIQ and Bender IQ by use of the multiple regression analysis. Subjects were 64 cerebral palsied children in the schools for the physically handicapped, aged from 6 to 12 years old. The main results were as follows; 1) Using t-test (for dependent samples), the following significant mean differences were found: The mean IQs obtained from DAM and Bender were higher than the mean IQs obtained from WISC-R. 2) The correlation coefficients (DAMIQ-Bender-IQ, DAMIQ-PIQ, and DAMIQ-VIQ) were .808,.730, and .638, respectively. They were all significant and higher coefficients compared with the results of the early research which were with the mental retardation or normal children. But in the analysis of the partial correlation, the correlation coefficient between DAMIQ and VIQ was not significant and other two coefficients were significant. 3) The multiple regression analysis showed that the great portion of the variance of the DAMIQ could be attributed to the action of the BenderIQ. When compared with the standardized regression coefficients, the BenderIQ was the most useful predictor in the battery, and followed by the PIQ and VIQ had lowest coefficient which could be neglected in the prediction.

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Upper extremity functions in cerebral palsied children are of great importance, and the subject has been studied by many researchers, occupational therapists and teachers in special schools for the physically handicapped. The purpose of this study was to investigate the skills of power grip movement and extension-flexion movement of the wrist in cerebral palsied children.The subjects in this study were in two groups. One consisted of 54 normal children ranging between 6:3 and 11:11 years of age. The other consisted of 71 cerebral palsied children ranging between 5:1 and 11:11 years of age, of 50 whom were spastic type and 21 were athetotic type children. The skill elements of power grip movement consisted of speed, timing, grip strength and pressure. The skill elements of extension-flexion movement of the wrist consisted of range of motion for extension, range of motion for flexion, speed, timing, total angle of wrist movement in ten seconds and angle of one wrist movement. In the skill elements of power grip movement and extension-flexion movement, the speed was indicated by the number of times rapid movements could be repeated in ten seconds, and the timing was indicated by the number of times movements conformed to ten rhythmical beats of a metronome.The results obtained were as follows: (1) In skill elements of power grip, cerebral palsied children were inferior to normal children, and the athetotic type was inferior to the spastic type in cerebral palsied children. (2) In skill elements of extension-flexion movement of the wrist, cerebral palsied children were poorer than normal children, and the athetotic type was poorer than the spastic type in cerebral palsied children. (3) Handedness skills were better than non-handedness skills in cerebral palsied children. (4) The wrist movement of cerebral palsied children was not so skillful as that of normal children. (5) The Intelligence Quotient was added to the 10 skill elements, and principal component analysis was applied to classify skill elements. The three principal components were extracted and interpreted as follows: 1) Regulation of speed and strength 2) Range of motion in wrist 3) Intelligence The factor loadings of skill elements were dotted on a figure with a lateral axis of the first principal component and a horizontal axis of the second principal component. Consequently, the skill elements were classified into two groups.

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The goal of this study was to find the actual condition of hearing impairment in a population of Down's syndrome children. Play audiometry with the peep show test and/or electrophysiological audiometry by auditory brainstem response (ABR) were carried out on 55 Down's syndrome subjects aged from 10 months to 15 years. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Thirty five percent of the subjects were suspected of having hearing impairment in both ears and 37 percent of the ears tested were suspected of having hearing impairment. (2) Of those ears suspected of having hearing impairment, 45 percent had a mild hearing loss, 32 percent had a moderate loss and 23 percent had a severe loss. But none of the subjects had bilateral severe loss. (3) The large number of subjects showed there was a discrepancy of hearing loss between both ears. Seventeen percent of the subjects indicated a discrepancy of more than 40dB. (4) The audiometric study showed a mostly flat loss configuration. A gradual high tone loss was found in only one case and a marked high tone loss was not found at all. (5) The most significant type of hearing impairment was of the conductive type (55% of 11 ears).(6) Fourteen of 19 subjects (74%) suspected of having hearing impairment had never been regarded with suspicion before this audiometric test.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of organizational strategy in educable mental retardates (E.M.R.s). Shimada (1982b) showed that thirteen years old E.M.R. children could use organizational strategy more efficiently than nine years old when categorical cues were given at both the input and output stages in a multi-trial free recall task. In the present study it was examined whether there was the developmental change mentioned above when categorical cues were given at the input stage only. The Ss were twenty young E.M.R.s (mean CA=13:07, mean MA=7:05, mean IQ=56) and twenty old E.M.R.s (mean CA=17:00, mean MA=8:04, mean IQ=55.5). They were required to learn a list of sixteen picture items which consisted of four taxonomic categories of four pictures each. The Ss at each age group were assigned to either Block-Free (B-F) or Random-Free (R-F) treatment conditions being matched on both CA and IQ. In B-F treatment Ss were presented with four categorically blocked cards (one card contained four pictures belonging to the same taxonomic category) and required to free-recall immediately after all the pictures were presented, while in R-F treatment Ss were presented with four unblocked cards (one card contained four pictures not belonging to the same category) and required to free-recall after presentation. Learning was continued during four trials by the study-test method. The main findings were as follows. (1) In old E.M.R.s, recall performance in B-F treatment was significantly greater than in R-F treatment, while in young E.M.R.s, the difference of recall performance between B-F and R-F treatments was not significant. (2) In old E.M.R.s, numbers of recalled categories (N.R.C.) in B-F treatment was as many as in R-F treatment, while in young E.M.R.s it was marginally less than in R-F treatment. In addition, numbers of recalled items within a category (N.R.I.C.) was significantly more in B-F treatment than in R-F treatment in both age groups. (3) Repetition errors in old E.M.R.s were significantly less than in young E.M.R.s. These results showed that the organizational strategy prompted by B-F treatment (input organizational strategy) could be used as efficient strategy by E.M.R.s before seventeen years old. Thus it can be said that the input organizational strategy of E.M.R.s showed the same developmental order as in normal children with lag, therefore the view that regards mental retardation as a developmental lag of cognition.

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