In this study, we are attempting to develop fireproof construction that consists of common wood species without any inorganic layers. The specimens we suggest are glued laminated lumbers that have flaming-die-out layer consisting of fire-retardant wood between the surface layer and the core zone. Fire-retardancy is provided by treatment with fire-retardant chemicals.
We carried out fire resistance tests and loaded fire resistance tests on several types of Japanese cedar (Cyptomeria japonica D.DON) column specimens. As a result, we demonstrated the column specifications that have 2-hour fire-resistance performance. We confirmed the usefulness of utilizing the laminas impregnated with fire-retardant chemicals as flaming-die-out layer.

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A method of measuring sound environment in terms of types and frequency of environmental sound was developed in this study with the aim to establish methodology of semantic description of sound environment. Unit time for recording frequency of sound events was examined and 20 second was found to be optimum. A method of classification of environmental sounds based on the impression of listeners, using multi-stage grouping and cluster analysis, was introduced. Finally, the effectiveness of the method was examined with investigation in five urban parks and the result well captured the different characteristics of each of the parks.

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Currently, the air-conditioning load is calculated for transmission thermal energy from the wall surfaces to indoor air because the air-conditioning load is defined for the thermal energy that it should supply indoor air with to keep a fixed room temperature. The air-conditioning load calculated in this way becomes the function of the room temperature set point and is unrelated to thermal sensation of the resident. This paper suggested a new load calculation method which considered thermal sensation of the resident based on a point of view of comfort air conditioning. By this new load calculation method, the load is calculated for thermal energy to remove by the room to keep PMV of the indoor specific place a set point. However, in intermittent air-conditioning system, the load occurs greatly to control PMV in a set point in a short time. This paper is aimed at examining the effectiveness of the new load calculation method in intermittent air-conditioning system.

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The heat load simulation program which can take into consideration the shadow effects caused by trees is developed by the authors.
And, the effects on the indoor environments by the trees which cover the afternoon sun was verified.
The program added the function in which transmissivity can be set up to the external obstacle. Moreover, the form of the external obstacle was updated so that all polygons could be taken into consideration. Modeling of trees was enabled by those updating.
By using a deciduous tree, reducing cooling load, the increase in heating load could be suppressed and annual heating-and-cooling loads were reduced about 3.6%.

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This study deals with the environmental of vernacular architecture in a hot and arid region like desert areas in West Asia and North Africa. One of the most characteristics of vernacular architecture in Iran is the wind catcher, domestically called as a Badgeer, which takes air in higher sky inside a building.
In this paper, various wind catchers were classified from the function. Then, the thermal environment of a “Ab Anbar”, a traditional reservoir building, was analyzed under the summer condition by means of CFD. As a result, the amount of inflow at early morning from the wind catcher is more than 2 times of that of daytime. It was shown that the wind catcher has effectively taken the early morning wind with low temperature.

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Recently, theoretical analysis and experiment have been initiated to investigate the generation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) by chemical reactions in indoor air. In particular, it has been confirmed that SOA are generated by the reaction of ozone with various terpenoids. The overarching goal of this work was to better understand ozone, VOC (volatile organic compounds) and generated SOA distributions within rooms. We carried out cylindrical test chamber experiments to measure SOA generation from the chemical reaction of ozone and limonene and discussed numerical models to describe it. In this paper, we propose a method for predicting the particle size distribution of SOA generated by ozone and limonene chemical reactions in air. In particular, we discuss an analytical method that involves a sectional modeling approach governing equations of SOA. Although the changes in particle size distribution in a 40-section model were reproduced to a certain extent, rigorous modeling for the generation and growth of SOA and an increased number of sections are needed for improvement of prediction accuracy.

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The indoor air contamination by microbe in buildings was examined from the viewpoints of supply air method and geothermal utilization pit. The main conclusions obtained from this research are as follows. (1) With the exception of the winter season, most of the airborne fungi concentrations have exceed the academic standard value. (2) For a period of cooling operation, average relative humidity and rate of the relative humidity higher than 70% indicated very high value in the pit. (3) As a result of aerodynamic median diameters, distributions of aerodynamic diameter showed a different tendency by a supply air method.

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Building materials emit many kinds of chemical substances, such as aldehydes and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). Efforts are currently being directed towards new technological developments to mitigate the occurrence of such indoor air pollution. Techniquesto counter this type of air pollution from indoor surfaces include adsorption, dissolution, and sealing. The present study investigates the effectiveness of sealer paints in reducing chemical substance emission rates. A new evaluation method is described for studying reductions in chemical emissions by these paints. The method is based on detection of aldehydes or VOCs emission following sealerpaint application versus a control without sealer, and the calculation of an emission factor. All paints showed significant reductions in emission factors for formaldehyde and for a number of other VOCs. Reduction rates for formaldehyde were as high as 67.2[%], depending on the sealer being tested. Future research will examine the durability of this sealing effect over extended periods of time.

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This paper focuses on how to reduce CO₂ emissions regarding construction materials. We compared section by section the amount of CO₂ emissions from the four different houses. Next, we made an improved plan that took away the first floor that was constructed with reinforced concrete, as well as the interior decorations which emitted less CO₂ during their factory production. The following results were obtained.
1) We determined which sections of the four houses had less construction waste. We determined which sections of the four houses emitted less CO₂ during their production.
2) The total amount of CO₂ emissions per floor from construction materials is 318.8kg-CO₂/m²～498.1kg-CO₂/m².
3) The proposed countermeasure that took away the first floor reduced CO₂ emissions by 15.7×10³kg-CO₂, a decrease of 30.4%.The proposed countermeasure that used the interior decorations, which emitted less CO₂ during their factory production, reduced CO₂ emissions by 5.1×10³kg-CO₂, a decrease of 9.9%.The countermeasure that the authors described in their improved plan reduced CO₂ emissions by 20.8×10³kg-CO₂, a decrease of 40.3%.

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As the efforts to environmental consideration in the schools of our country, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology etc. have worked together to carry out an Eco-School Pilot Model Program since 1997. Now, more than 10 years have passed since the start of this project, all 951 schools (August 2009) have been certified. The aims of this study are to grasp the actual conditions of heating energy consumption by carrying out field measurement and questionnaire survey, and to quantify the effects of thermal insulation performance upgrade and operational improvement on heating load reduction by performing numerical analysis at Eco-Schools in cold regions.

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