There are a lot of old apartment buildings with thin floor slabs, which cause low ability to insulate heavy-weight floor impact sound. The authors have developed a high-sound-insulation double floor system with Helmholtz resonators, as part of renovation of these buildings. In the present paper, some types of double floor system including the proposed one are simply modeled as one- or two-particle systems, and their vibration characteristics are investigated. Calculation results based on these models clarify the effects of a variety of parameters for the double floor systems, particularly, on the positions of their natural frequencies. The tendencies of the calculation results are in good accordance with those measured in a laboratory. The proposed double floor system greatly improves the insulation performance for heavy-weight floor impact sound, about 10 dB for 63- and 125-Hz octave bands, in a real old apartment building, the slab thickness of which is 110 mm.

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In commercial kitchens, it is very important to remove heat, contaminants and odors generated from cooking appliances. When the thermal plume over an appliance is disturbed by airflow due to the HVAC system and/or cooking operations, the hood capture efficiency decreases, and the indoor environment becomes worse. Therefore, these disturbances should be considered when studying commercial kitchen ventilation systems. In Nordtest method VVS088, the hood efficiency is tested with a moving panel to include the effect of disturbance caused by a cook. However, the basis for the speed and frequency of the moving panel is not clear. In this study, frequency of cooking operations and walking speed of workers were examined in five medium-sized electrical commercial kitchens. The results showed that the frequency of cooking operations and the walking speed depended on cooking menu, cooking appliances, workers number and kitchen space. The average of walking speed was 1.45m/s when workers were passing through the area in front of cooking appliances, while the average of walking speed was 1.2m/s when they were leaving or approaching to the area. The walking speed in real kitchens is much faster than moving speed of panel (0.5m/s) in Nordtest method VVS088.

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We developed the versatile calculation method concerning the heat performance of a ceiling radiant panel and indoor thermal environment affected by radiant cooling and heating system. This method replaces the ceiling radiant panel with pipe to which the heat performance is equal, and calculates the radiation heat transfer and the convection heat transfer. The calculated values of the heat quantity are substituted for the equations of zone heat balance in consideration of the transfer of heat between living space and ceiling space by the slit. And the equations are solved by the explicit method.

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Moisture transportation by local circulation is examined during calm summer days at Kanto plain using meso-scale numerical model, in order to clarify an urban effect on the distribution of water vapor in the urban boundary layer. The numerical results show that the vertical velocity at sea breeze head is enhanced when sea breeze and thermal convection are combined in urban area near Tokyo. Because the combined updraft strongly lifts surrounding surface humid air, precipitable water vapor is increased around the urban area. CAPE indicates a little bit of decrease in atmospheric stability in the urban area on calm summer days.

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In densely wooden build-up areas, ventilation conditions and summer thermal environments seem not to be so good because of narrow streets and high-density wooden houses. Therefore, authors measured the outdoor temperature distribution in low-rise and high-density urban area. Also wind measurement was performed. By using CFD, wind distribution was also simulated. And the relationship between temperature distribution and wind distribution was analyzed. Major findings are as follows.
1) Negative correlation coefficient between temperature and wind is found.
2) More wind flow in normal road than alley. And normal road is cooler than alley.
3) More wind flow in the alley which is close to high building than normal alley. And the alley which is close to high building is cooler than normal alley.

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We calculated the net carbon balance by subtracting CO₂ emissions (fuel and electric consumption and by-products) from the amount of CO₂ absorption and carbon fixation of Japanese Cedar and Japanese Cypress trees in Gifu prefecture and Nagano prefecture. The net carbon balance of the Japanese Cedar in Gifu prefecture was 458kg-CO₂/m³ and the Japanese Cypress in Gifu prefecture was 467kg-CO₂/m³. The net carbon balances of the Japanese Cedar and the Japanese Cypress in Gifu prefecture were both lower than the net carbon balances in Nagano prefecture. The fixed CO₂ of the Japanese Cedar and the Japanese Cypress in Gifu prefecture were both lower than the fixed CO₂ in Nagano prefecture as well. The CO₂ emissions of the Japanese Cedar in Gifu prefecture were lower than those in Nagano prefecture, but the CO₂ emissions of the Japanese Cypress in Gifu prefecture were higher than those in Nagano prefecture.

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In order to clarify the association between indoor environmental factors and child health problems, epidemiological type surveys for 4th and 5th grade primary school children have been carried out all over Japan. These surveys consist of three Phases including in questionnaire survey and field measurement, and each phase has been proceeded. The 2^nd phase is a detailed questionnaire survey to investigate housing characteristics and health problems. From the results of questionnaire survey, it was found that dampness indicator such as condensation and visible mould growth strongly influenced on respiratory symptoms. In this paper, relationship between dampness indicators and indoor environmental factors was analysed statistically for clarifying housing characteristics of damp building affecting children's allergic symptoms. The analysed results are expected to show significant factors which could affect symptoms through the medium of dampness and possible preventions for dampness. Using an unvented heater and a laundry in indoor were defined as the strong factor to dampness indicators due to inadequate ventilation for dehumidification. It is important to keep the ventilation system operating in whole day.

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This paper aims to evaluate the operation situation of air conditioners in the living rooms of electrified housing located in Hiroshima area. Cluster analysis was applied in order to extract the characteristics of the operation which vary in the family structure and the life style.
Various tendencies of running hours and the start time could be explained between weekdays and holidays or summer and winter respectively. All of the housing were classified into six groups in winter and five groups in summer by the Cluster analyses. Different running hours were observed among the groups even if they have the same start time. Also, it was clarified that different conditions of operation of the air-conditioner was caused by some factors such as "occupation of wife", "presence of children of pre-school" and "presence of someone who stay in a house in the daytime" from the relationship between running characteristics and household characteristics.

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In this paper, the factors of affecting to “monthly energy consumption” analyzed by “the multi-level model” were clarified based on the measurement data of energy consumption for three years from October, 2008 in the electrified housing located in Hiroshima area. The affecting factors were extracted from the examination of each category such as “the factors changed in the household” and “the factors changed among the households” with a same model.
As the results of the analysis, it was clarified that the energy consumption was affected by the housing scale and family size, the number of electrical equipment and the stage of life. Also, these factors affected to the energy consumption within a same household.
After the pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake on March 11, 2011, the action of energy saving in commercial and household sectors was spread in Japan. In case of the analyzed results in Hiroshima area, far from the disaster-stricken area, it was recognized the reduction of energy consumption in space heating-cooling usage and the others in the households. Therefore, the authors clarified that the concrete action which was aroused from the consciousness of energy saving had an effect on the significant level.

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