In the underground spaces, stairs (=slope way) are used as a passage that was connected to the ground level. When a fire occurs near it, smoke spread through the slope way. Previous studies on slope way have focused on the tunnel. Here, the tunnel is connected to ambient air at both ends. However, this study is assumed to be a staircase (= slope way), one opening of the slope way is connected to the adjacent space, and only the other opening is connected to ambient air. And opening jet plume flows in the slope way. Here, except that the opening jet plume flows in the slope way, it will be shown the property of smoke close to the tunnel. Thus, the purpose of this study is to predict the maximum temperature rise of the smoke in the slope way, it is improved that the maximum temperature rise of the smoke prediction model in an inclined tunnel.

　In this study, a series of experiments were carried out by changing the opening shape, the length of the slope way, the angle of slope way, and the diameter of the source of fire, etc.

　As the results, the knowledge about the temperature property of ceiling jet in the slope way could be obtained as follows;

・ The maximum temperature of the smoke in the slope way decreased when the distance of movement r_d and angle of the slope way θ becomes bigger.

・ Coefficient α_d at the prediction model of smoke maximum temperature in the slope way is bigger than Coefficient α at the prediction model of smoke maximum temperature in the tunnel.

・ The distance of virtual heat source r₀ at which the maximum temperature rise ΔT_max of smoke in the slope way becomes to 0 [K] is given by Eq. (14) ~ Eq. (15).

1. Introduction　For the development of the tourism industry, the authors compared the psychological evaluations of Japanese and Chinese subjects before and after their visit to the tourist spots. As a result, we found that the amount of information about the tourist spots has a great impact on the evaluation.

　If we consider the situation of actual sightseeing, tourists are more likely to pick up the detailed information about the tourist spots in the form of the brochures or guidebooks. If they have brochures, they can gain more information and knowledge of tourist spots. This may change their psychological evaluation of the tourist spots. So, in this study, we conducted the psychological evaluation experiment of tourist spots in Hiroshima with Japanese and Chinese subjects to compare the evaluation between subjects who were given the detailed information about tourist spots and those who were not.

2. Experiment overview　In this study, we conducted Actual Scene experiment (AS) to evaluate the impressions of sightseeing in the tourist spots in Hiroshima, because it was necessary to conduct the same experiment with the detailed information as the previous one.

3. Brochure overview　We prepared the brochures that were almost same of the amount of information and format at each tourist spot. The brochure included a map of the tourist spot, the text information such as the features and the history, and photographs and the text information of 10 objects that could be seen from and within the tourist spot.

4. The results of comprehensive evaluation　According to the average evaluation score profile, in the case of "Satisfaction", the Japanese and Chinese with the brochures evaluated higher than them without the brochures in Itsukushima Shrine and Kousanji Temple. We found the detailed information provided by the brochures to be useful for these tourist spots. In contrast, the scores declined in the tourist spots that didn’t include many descriptions of historicity in the brochures, such as Onomichi and Setoda. Also, according to the differences between the Japanese and Chinese, on the whole, the Chinese with the brochures showed a greater change in their evaluations when they were given than the Japanese, because the part of information unknown to the Chinese was known to the Japanese.

5. The results of factor analysis　According to the results of factor analysis based on the integrated data, four factors were extracted. Each factor was interpreted as follows: “Inherency”, “Openness”, “Traditionality” and “Harmony”. Also, the evaluation tendencies between “Inherency” and "Satisfaction" were very similar, so it was thought that “Inherency” affected "Satisfaction".

6. Comparison of the psychological evaluation structure　According to the correlation coefficients between "Satisfaction" and the four factors, for both the Japanese and Chinese, the correlation coefficients with “Inherency” were higher when the brochure was given. Since the subjects were able to obtain the detailed information that they did not know, the relationship between "Satisfaction" and “Inherency” became stronger. The results of the multiple regression analysis show that the standard partial regression coefficients of “Inherency” were higher when the brochure was given. It was suggested that the importance of “Inherency” in "Satisfaction" increased, because the subjects were able to discover new attractions and characteristics about the tourist spots from the features and history described in the brochures.

　Few previous studies have discussed how relationship between the residence environment of the restroom and subjective evaluation in order to propose the optimum space, while focusing on the lighting effects and the visual information. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the influence of the controlling lighting and image in the restroom, using subjective evaluation and physiological data, to design a newly restroom.

　Assuming to use the restroom during office work, we created a total of three spaces - "Relaxing", "Awaking" space, and "Refreshing" space (which made with combination of "Relaxing" and "Awaking" space). For lighting conditions, referring to the Kruithof curve, "Relaxing" space set up to low illuminance and color temperature, and "Awaking" space set up to high illuminance and color temperature. We also expected the effect of the image, we added the image of the forest in "Relaxing" space, and the sea in "Awaking" space.

　We conducted experimental procedure that simulated using restrooms during simple work, such as paperwork, or creative work, such as research, consulting. In experiments, the image of each space was evaluated with indoor impression evaluation. And we carried out kinds of physiological test (flicker test, heart rate change), psychological test (self-conscious fatigue, visual-analog scale) to measure changes due to entering the designed space, working tasks (improvement of work efficiency, creativity) to measure the effect of using the space.

　As a result of the test, the following was found:

1.　When the illuminance and the color temperature are sufficiently low space within the allowable range of the Kruithof curve and the image of the forest is projected, like "Relaxing" space, feeling such as "relaxation" and more, it was suggested that the relaxed words group was extended by indoor impression evaluation. As a concomitant change, a fatigue restoration effect was suggested to be seen, and the work efficiency might be improved.

2.　When the illuminance and the color temperature are sufficiently high within the allowable range of the Kruithof curve and the image of the sea is projected like "Awaking" space, feeling such as "freshness" and more, it was suggested that the awake words group was extended by indoor impression evaluation. As a concomitant change, attenuation of sleeping feeling was observed in the study of self-conscious fatigue, but the fatigue restoration effect was not seen, and few change in the work efficiency was tend to be seen.

3.　In the "Refreshing" space including the "Relaxing" and "Awaking" space, feeling such as "relaxation", "freshness" and more, it was suggested that the relaxed words group and the awaken words group are elongated in each indoor impression evaluation. And the more effects of the fatigue recovery and the work efficiency tended to be seen.

　From the result, it was suggested that the newly designed restroom might have the specific indoor impression evaluation, and might be provided better fatigue restoration effect, or work efficiency effect than with office or conventional restroom. However, we need more consideration about the effect on creativity by using designed restrooms, optimal switching time of refresh space, and more.

　Various studies have been conducted on the factors that influence the oppressiveness, but they cannot be said to be sufficiently quantified. Moreover, these have not been analyzed from the viewpoint of spaciousness. Therefore, in this study, we will quantitatively evaluate how the oppressiveness and the spaciousness change when the height of the surrounding building and the exterior of the target building are changed with respect to the target building. Two experiments were conducted. In both experiments, images prepared in advance were presented to the subjects in VR, and evaluation was performed using the rating scale method and the ME method.

　In Experiment 1, three types of surrounding environment, super high-rise, high-rise, and semi-high-rise, was combined with eight types of exterior materials; standards, roadside trees, wall greening, advertisements, light colors, dark colors, mirror glass, and unevenness. 24 In total images was evaluated. In Experiment 2, in addition to 7 types of combinations of the target building and the surrounding environment, 5 types of exterior materials with different colors (medium light color, medium dark color, red, yellow red, yellow), a total of 12 images were evaluated. The following findings was obtained by analyzing the evaluation results.

・　The oppressiveness received from a single building is hardly affected by the surrounding environment. It can be explained by the shape of the target building.

・　We analyzed the effects of various exterior materials on the oppressiveness and the spaciousness, and the coefficient of weight is calculated.

・　The cityscape evaluation of the oppressiveness and the spaciousness will begin to change significantly when the height of the target building exceeds 60 m.

・　From this study, it was found that the color weighting coefficient can be expressed by a function of lightness, and we calculated a formula to predict the color weighting factor.

・　The group of conversion tolerance of each exterior material was calculated. As a result, the conversion oppressiveness tolerance limit value is 65%, and the conversion spaciousness assurance limit value is 73%.

　Comparing the results of the previous study with the results of this study, the tolerance or range of the previous study and the conversion tolerance of this study are very close, showing that the conversion tolerance proposed by this study is valid.

　LED lighting technology has been advancing quite rapidly and it has been used in sports facilities. LED lighting has characteristics such as a small light emitting part and high directionality, which may cause glare. JIS recommendation for sports lighting does not provide the recommended value for glare in gymnasiums. In Part 1 of this paper, measurements of illuminance and luminance distribution were carried out in eleven gymnasiums (six with LED lighting and five with HID lighting). In this paper (Part 2), subjective experiments were carried out in eleven gymnasiums described in Part 1. The variables that affect glare were extracted based on the subjective experiments

　The subjects looked at a badminton shuttlecock in front of the lighting, assuming that he/she was playing badminton. The position of the subject and the shuttlecock were arranged so that the subject’s eyes, the shuttlecock and the luminaire were in a straight line. Subjects evaluated visibility of a visual target, glare from luminaire, acceptability of the visual environment for playing badminton and so on. At the same time, measurement of luminance distribution in subject’s visual field was carried out.

　From the result of the subjective experiments, it was identified that glare from luminaire (the subject’s eyes focused on the luminaire) mostly influences acceptability of the visual environment. The results showed that glare evaluation increased as the elevation angle of the subject’s sight increased and the average horizontal illuminance increased. The area with higher than 1,000 cd/m² of luminance is defined as the light emitting part in this study and the average luminance of the light emitting part increased as the elevation angle of the subject’s sight increased.

　Multiple regression analysis was performed to extract the variables that determine the evaluation of glare. The glare evaluation was taken as the objective variable. While the explanation variables are the average luminance of the light emitting part, the solid angle of the light emitting part, the background luminance, UGR and UGR’. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that the average luminance of the light emitting part with higher than 10,000 cd/m², the solid angle of an area with higher than 10,000 cd/m² and the average luminance of the background with lower than 1,000 cd/m² are effective valuables to predict glare evaluation. It was suggested that the average luminance of light emitting part with higher than 10,000 cd/m² should be decreased to reduce glare.

　From changes in Japan's final energy consumption, the overall increase rate from 1973 to 2013 was 1.2 times, but the increase in business divisions 2.4 times, so that energy saving is required.

　Refrigeration equipment with a high energy consumption density is exposed to cost competition in the food store industry, so that energy-saving equipment is slow to spread. Therefore, it is important to save energy by devising operation and design.

　Many open display cases are installed in grocery stores because of their availability. The open display case maintains the internal temperature with an air curtain, but cold air in the refrigerator leaks from the display case from a part of the air curtain, affecting the air enthalpy in the store and deteriorating comfort. At the same time, the air enthalpy that enters the display case affects the freezing load of the display case. For these reasons, the load of the open type display case interacts with the load of space conditioning, and it is difficult to think about energy saving.

　In this study, we will devise a method to give the enthalpy of the intrusion air into the SC considering the amount of heat leaked from the SC. The SC refrigeration load is calculated by combining the enthalpy of the air entering the SC and various SC characteristics obtained from the experiment. Furthermore, by combining with air conditioning load calculation, store air conditioning, ventilation, and SC energy consumption are calculated, and the impact of various energy saving measures on store energy consumption is clarified.

　In this report (2nd report), the enthalpy characteristic formulas of total heat and latent heat of SC shown in the first report were used to examine the method of predicting the SC load and refrigerator power consumption of actual stores. At the same time, the validity of the calculation model was evaluated by comparing the calculation result of the power consumption of the refrigerator with the energy consumption of the actual store.

　We also devised a method for calculating the amount of heat leaked from the SC to the store and evaluated its validity by comparing it with the calculation results of the building cooling load in the interim period.

1.　From the results of the constant temperature and humidity experiment, the maximum load, stable load, rise time, and stable time were expressed as functions of in-store enthalpy, and the load change of each SC including defrost was modeled. Each SC model was combined to create an SC load calculation formula for the entire store. At the same time, we devised a method to calculate the sensible heat and latent heat leaked into the store by using the enthalpy characteristics of the sensible heat ratio of SC.

2.　The SC load was calculated using the in-store air enthalpy, and the power consumption of the refrigerator was predicted using the SC load and the measured outside air temperature. Comparing the predicted value and the measured value, the error during the daytime in summer when the power consumption is large was within 10%, which was almost reproducible. However, some SCs may be stopped at night, but they are not reflected in the calculation, so the calculated value is about 20% larger than the measured value.