Crowding in staircases of high-rise buildings increases the risk of crowd accidents during evacuations. We investigated a method to control congestion in staircases by controlling the walking rules of evacuees. SAG-EB model was developed to reproduce the crowd flow characteristics during stopping and going and to visualize the distribution of congestion conditions. Parameter studies were conducted with this model. As a result, it was clarified that, as a method to suppress the propagation of congestion due to stop and go, it is effective to keep a distance when walking and to close the forward spacing when stopping and going.
In this study, we empirically investigated the concentration of ward nurses during office work at the staff station in a large-scale hospital. The paper aims to achieve three objectives. Firstly, it seeks to clarify the occurrence of nurse call interruptions as a factor contributing to decreased concentration. Secondly, it aims to examine the effects of implementing semi-enclosed task space in the staff station, on nurses’ ability to concentrate during intellectual work. Lastly, it aims to explore the relationship between changes in the working environment and nurses’ perceived abilities, including attentional resources.
This paper discusses a method for sensory evaluation of combined vibration, which is the perception of multi-directional vibration for traffic vibration, using houses that experiences vibration on a daily basis. As a result, the following findings were obtained.
1) Combine correction coefficient is approximately 0.2 when the relative levels of vertical and horizontal vibration are less than 10dB.
2) Combine correction coefficient varies with the relative levels of vertical and horizontal vibrations, and the correspondence with the perception scale of vibration is enhanced by discretely varying the correction coefficient around 10dB.
Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and elongation ratio of 8 types of wood were measured using 50 × 20 × 3 mm sized specimens at room temperature. Virgin wood and wood oven dried for 3 days were used as samples. Regression between EMC and relative humidity were conducted based on the GAB isotherm model. A general equation of GAB isotherm also fitted using all measured data for 8 types of wood. The elongation ratio in tangential and radial direction increases with an increase in moisture content, and the elongation ratio and moisture content are linearly correlated in these two directions.
One technique to reduce the air conditioning load in a building is to install air curtains at entrances and exits. This paper discusses the sealing efficiency of double air curtain by using experiments and CFD simulation. The results show that the sealing efficiency of the double air curtain is high when there is an air conditioning disturbance caused by airflow from an multi-cone air diffuser. Furthermore, the effects of airflow disturbance and moving human body disturbance were relatively small for the double air curtain.
Windows and doors of the classrooms were kept open throughout a year against COVID-19 at elementary school without ventilation equipment. The estimated ventilation during heating period was less obtained than that during the other period. It is thought that the opening width of the window in winter was regulated to reduce the influence of the chill. However, pupils who were in sedentary activity, were exposed to ambient air temperature lower than 18 ℃. The estimated ventilation rate per person more than 11m3/h was obtained in the class with Hybrid-Flexible lesson in winter.