The effect of greenery has been focused on as one of the answer to realizing both of energy-saving and comfortableness in summer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the greenery environment in the residential area on residential energy consumption from the viewpoints of the residents' behavior for cooling, perception of outdoors environment and energy consumption style. The results of questionnaire show that the residents who perceive the lush greenery in the yards of their houses are inclined to restrain the use of air-conditioner and are also motivated to select energy-saving lifestyle.

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This study investigated the effect of diurnal thermal changes on the circadian rhythm of human core body temperature, together with secondary effects on other psycho-physiological functioning and intellectual performance. Four male subjects (23 - 25 years of age) were observed under three experimental temperature cycles in a climate chamber. In Case 1, the temperature remained fixed at 24°C (control); in Case 2, a constant temperature of 24°C during the morning and the afternoon was raised to 27°C at 6 PM and remained constant during the evening, to evaluate the effects of body heating before sleep; in Case 3, the temperature control schedule is similar to Case 2 with the exception of the changing time, not at 6 PM but at noon, to reflect the normal circadian increase in core body temperature (CBT) in the afternoon. The change of the thermal environment caused amplitude increment or phase advance in rectal temperature (RT). Measurements based on electrocardiographs, salivary cortisol levels, psychological measurement tools and intellectual tests illustrated the beneficial effects of the temperature control. The results reveal that control of the thermal environment in spaces based on the circadian rhythm may regulate RT rhythm, leading to improvement in psycho-physiological state and intellectual performance of occupants.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between comfortable sound environments inside residences and the average sound absorption coefficient of an individual room. To accomplish this, psychological experiments were conducted using actual scale room models, and the acoustic characteristics of several rooms in actual residences were investigated. As a result of these experiments and investigations, the following points have been clarified: 1) The average sound absorption coefficient affects the comfortable sound environment of residences. 2) The psychological items affected by the average sound absorption coefficient are “sense of silence”, “sense of reverberation”, “feeling of serenity”, “sense of quality” and “user preferences”. 3) Higher average sound absorption coefficients reduce the “sense of reverberation” and increase the values of the other psychological items.

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This paper describes the experimental investigation on the fluctuation of air currents due to mechanical resonance of ducts that results in relatively weak magnetic noise at ultra low frequencies measured by SQUID magnetometers, in a magnetically shielded room (MSR) for biomagnetic measurements such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetocardiography (MCG). First, the magnetic noise, vibration of wall and sound pressure in the duct and MSR were measured to investigate the relations between them. Second, the frequency dependences of sound pressure were measured at various points along the duct from the fan to MSR, and compared with those analyzed in order to confirm that the source of air fluctuation is mechanical resonance of glass wool duct. Lastly, as a measure against the mechanical resonance of glass wool duct, a side branch duct made of glass wool was connected to the main duct. The distribution of sound pressure along the duct, and the magnetic noise, vibration of wall and sound pressure in the MSR with and without the side branch duct were compared by analyzing and measurement.

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This study aims to find the proper illuminance for resting under LED color lighting environment. During the experiment, the subject`s fatigue is induced under white fluorescent lamp. And then rested under LED color lighting. Evaluations to measure rest effect are used flicker value, heart rate, self-conscious fatigue, and interior impression evaluation. As a result of the experiment, environment with the light color has the fatigue reduction effect more than white light. And, warm fluorescent lamp and pale blue color lighting LED have physiological rest and fatigue reduction effect. Dark red color lighting LED and green color lighting LED were excluded, because dark red color lighting induce activity and Green color lighting causes the psychological fatigue of an eye.

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A field survey on the living room temperature in terms of residential building types, heating space and operation throughout Hokkaido has been done in 2008 winter. The 879 residential buildings responded to the questionnaire on the types of their building, heating equipments, heating space, operations and clothing style. In addition, they measured their living room air temperature for seven days by liquid crystal thermometer card. Followings are results; 1) Average room air temperature throughout Hokkaido is 20.9 °C . 2) Central heating systems are installed in 30% of all. In the other houses only the living room was heated with convectors. The room air temperature of the central heating and living room heating is 21.6 °C and 20.8 °C , respectively. 3) For heating operation, ratio of houses with all-day heating is about 30% and that with intermittent heating is about 70%. The room air temperature of two groups is 21.5 °C and 20.7 °C , respectively. 4) The room air temperature with the convection heating systems is 1 °C lower than that with the radiation heating systems. 5) The mean occupant's clothing value in their living room is 0.6 clo for male and 1.0 clo for female. 6) According to the multi-variate analysis, it is found that the factors such as age and family size affect the living room air temperature.

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Most sickrooms in Japan have four beds, and there is the odor problem from patients or diapers. In this study, we propose to use the displacement ventilation as a means of obtaining high indoor air quality in sickrooms. The purpose of the study is intended to examine the validity of this system. In the previous study, temperature and contaminant concentration profile in a displacement-ventilated room were figured out. But, the actual sickroom has a partition curtain to keep patient's privacy and it is expected that the curtain has great influence on the temperature and contaminant concentration profile. This paper shows the experiment results and CFD analysis results to examine the effect of partition curtain in the displacement-ventilated room. Then the experiment results are compared with the calculated results by the zonal model.

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The objective of this work is to analyse dissipation and transportation of energy inside stream tubes passing through/around a crossventilated building, which is not sufficiently known and is required for an establishment of an improved prediction method of flow rate for wind induced cross-ventilation. This paper focuses on velocity and pressure distribution around a building because it is to be analysed to evaluate the energy loss due to divergence and confluence of the stream tubes. Although this can be done by using CFD, they must also be clarified by measurement in advance to verify the accuracy of CFD afterwards. First, velocity distribution is shown by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). To measure spatial static pressure, a five-hole pitot tube is used. This device can provide three flow quantities simultaneously, i.e., static pressure, velocity magnitude, and wind direction. By comparing results between measurement and CFD conducted in the previous work, this paper finally presents both accuracy of CFD around building model and the scope of each experimental technique.

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Safety design of multi-air-conditioning-system was studied. Leakance of refrigerant gas by the leak accident during several different conditions was evaluated in an experimental system. Leakance from the liquid pipe was largest when the air conditioning system was working as heating. Using this experimental data, gas concentration in the room was predicted. As the result, it was found that maximum reached concentration in the room became larger than limit concentration defined by oxygen deprivation limit. For the countermeasure, separation of the room from leak point using air-tight ceiling system was found effective to reduce the concentration in the room. As the result of the prediction, concentration in the room was reduced as about 1/10 of concentration in the plenum chamber, if the countermeasure was evaluated.

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This research focuses on the evaluation of thermal energy efficiency in a building including thermal cascading systems such as cogeneration, solar-thermal, and PV systems, combined with final energy consumption for space heating and cooling, a dehumidifier, and a water heater. The thermal energy efficiency of the whole system varies depending on not only calorific balances but also on the temperature of heat conveying media and its flow-rate to each consumption unit. Based on the concept of the simulation tools, the major development work involves the modeling of cogeneration units.
As the first development phase, a sample system consisting of one unit of each form of equipment has been completed adopting the “forward method.” This paper describes the overview of the method by showing some results for a sample case study.

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In order to consider performance and method of performance evaluation to estimate primary energy consumption on domestic oil-fired heating boiler,an experiment on 3 types of combustion(vapourizing,rotary spraying,and pressure spraying combustion),was performed. The following result were obtained:1)The performance evaluation of boiler was found no relationship with using antifreeze,setting water temperature,ambient temperature of boiler,and combustion air temperature. 2)The boiler efficiency for load factor was in the range of 60 to 85%. 3)As a result of experiment,the equation to estimate boiler efficiency for load factor was made out.

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To promote the distributed energy systems effectively, quantitative design method is needed. The authors have already developed and proposed a new optimized design method for building energy systems or distributed energy systems using genetic algorithms (GA) in some previous studies. In this research, optimization for existing office and apartment buildings is calculated using the GA method. In optimization cases for individual buildings, offices and apartments, each has the potential to reduce the primary energy consumption beyond that designed by professional engineers. If distributed energy systems were established among office and apartment buildings, it is expected that primary energy consumption could be further reduced.

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A long-term projection of a thermal environment in summer of the 2070s in the Nagoya metropolitan area was carried out by using a regional atmospheric model, WRF. In the future projection, the pseudo-global warming method proposed by Kimura et al. (2007) was introduced to consider the effects of global warming as background data. In this study, (1) the temperature histogram, (2) the monthly averaged temperature, and (3) hourly and monthly precipitations obtained from the future projection were compared with those from observational and numerical results of the present status. Furthermore, the effects of microphysics models, which include water vapor, cloud, and precipitation processes, on the projected precipitation and temperature were investigated.

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A Reverse simulation, which is the solution of the transport equation in negative time, is a method for identifying pollutant source with CFD. However, there is a numerical instability problem with solving the diffusion term. We proposed a method for improving numerical instability⁸⁾. This method applies a lo-pass filter to concentration field. This improves numerical instability, but analysis results of concentration field spread diffusely.
Hereinbefore, we propose a method to apply a low-pass filter to concentration flux in order to prevent concentration field from spreading diffusely and identify pollutant source with reverse simulation. As the result, the proposed method is useful to improve the precision of reverse simulation.

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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system is a promising technology to determine the health condition of a structure and localize its damage. In this paper, data backup mechanism for SHM system is proposed. Proposed mechanism shares data within sensor nodes. For conducting backup, there are three functions in the mechanism; node detection, backup node selection and backup data transfer function. Operation check and performance evaluation of the mechanism were conducted. Result of the operation check showed that backup within sensor nodes was conducted based on proposed mechanism. Additionally, result of the performance evaluation showed that backup by the proposed mechanism was conducted before a target structure collapses or great damage occurs.

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It can be said that improving tourism facilities will be indispensable for the economy of our country in the future. To improve tourism facilities, tourism information evaluated by tourists should be collected and transformed into useful knowledge, and then this knowledge should be used for the planning and the improvement of tour routes and the infrastructure of sightseeing areas. Therefore, this research describes a tourism management supporting system. Management system was composed of collection system and sharing system. The collection system was used to identify tourists' needs accurately, effectively and widely by using a CPCG (Cell-Phone with Camera and GPS) and by developing an Information Management Server. Sharing system was to transform the collected information to 4 kind of useful knowledge; confirmation, discovery, disappointment and hate, and to display them. To verify the proposed methods, the author carried out a social experiment. The experiment showed that the proposed system was effective.

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A survey was conducted to evaluate Tokyo residents' willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid mild heat disorders during a specified period. As a result, both of the WTPs to avoid feeling of listlessness/fatigue and febrile sensation increased with the temperature when the daily maximum air temperature is over 26.9 °C, and the WTP to avoid restless sleep showed an increase with the temperature when the daily maximum air temperature is above 29.4 °C. Fatigue caused by the air temperature rise was estimated to have been the second largest impact in our society after sleep disturbance.

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