Rural Settlement Areas Act was enacted on 27 May, 1987, by the Japanese Government. This act is controlled by both the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. It is an epock-making from the viewpoint of the planning administration. And it has a special meaning with the fact that it gives planning registration control power to some parts of non planning control areas. However, this act ironically creates various new subjects related to the upper act such as City Planning Act and Agriculture Promotion Act.
This paper discusses such a new subject related to the Rural Settlement Areas Act, pointing out the new way to approach to the City and Rural Planning Act in the future.
The Rural Settlement Areas Act has the following three problematic points:
1. How should we decide the framework of Rural Settlement Areas Act?
Unfortunately, the Japanese local government does not have a solid land use plan such as land use plan in West Germany (Flichennutzungsplan) . Therefore, it is necessary to make a new land use plan in order to adjust the framework of Rural Settlement Areas Development.
2. How should we execute land consolidation project in the framework of rural settlement areas development?
According to the Rural Settlement Areas Act, we should make two plans separately, settlement site plan and settlement agricultural promotion plan, and we execute each project of land consolidation, namely land adjustment project by the management of the Ministry of Construction and land improvement project by the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. However, from the point of views by farmers, one project should be introduced, not two projects. Especially, the basic survey of each lot should be executed with the one project. In this sense, land improvement project would be benefited more than land adjustment project, because, in case of land improvement project, total land ownership could be surveyed.
3. How should we adjust the different logics related to planning controls, land restrictions by settlement site plan and gricultural land conservation agreement?
In this chance, we should promote the research to the establishment of “City and Rural Planning Act”.

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Progress of housing development in urban fringes has brought the large-scale transformation of land use ordination in the recent decades. The purpose of this study is to understand the historically constructed structure of land use ordination and its transformation process. In particular, theinfluences of land use control technique (zoning procedure) and natural conditions on land use changes are taken into consideration.
Southern Sendai area including parts of Sendai-shi (Prefectural Capital) and Natori-shi is selected as a caseto study. The zoning of this area includes the urbanization promotion area the agricultural promotion area (the exclusive agricultural zone and the agricultural district zone), the provisional rezoning area, and the unzoning area. The map of natural land units indicated by landforms and soils presents different natural conditions which have historically determined the land use ordination of this area.
Recent trends in land use changes are evaluated in terms of land suitability presented by natural conditions. Followings are the significant problems in this area; 1) the expansion of housing development on unsuitable site, 2) the concentration of commercial and industrial land use on unsuitable wet lands where paddy fields have been historically developed. and 3) increasing of public land use in the urbanization control area.
In every zone, the relationship between zoning procedure and natural conditions is examined. As a result, it is concluded that the natural conditions have not sufficiently taken into consideration in zoning procedure. For the presentation of optimal land use zoning in the planning process, each zone should be drawn based on both social and natural conditions.

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In spite of Japanese intention for land utilization and economic activity so as to gain more advantage and convenience, their efforts have resulted in that they live in such unexpected absurdities as various man caused calamities, daily inconvenience, and social alienation. Consequently, these situations show poor landscapes. Especially, rapid industrialization has caused serious phenomena of both depopulation in rural areas andoverpopulation in urban areas. Therefore, Japanese are confronted with various problems on national land conservation, self-food-supply system, environmental pollution, sprawl, etc.... Such problems seem to be no longer improved only by land use planning and financial support as a symptomatic treatment.
The purpose of this article is to consider the sure process to achieve the coexistence of both rural and urban areas, because it is indispensable to from secur eliving basis and healthyenvironment for the future.
The previously listed problems seem to be originated from Japanese blind labor and selfish activity. Therefore, firstly they ought to examine each living environment and life style, and tonotice that each selfish activity returns suffering to each and society. This procedure would produce such recognition of necessity for total welfare as self-control and restriction of a private right. The sense and attitude must invite new value judgment and life style, and consequently they would reflect on a policy.
The above-mentioned process is important for Japanese in order to establish the coexistence of both rural and urban areas, since it would be realized on the basis of population settlement and systematic land use, in each area. It is the reason that Japanese view of life and land ownership lie at the rootof the problems. Anyway the coming state of education is considered as the important key whether to succeed or not for the purpose. When it is carried out, Japanese daily landscape and national landscape would naturally come to be fine.

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This paper examines the social relations between landholders and agricultural workers, mainly landless people, in R-village of East Java. The results are summarized as follows;
(1) . In R-village, as many as 60% of total households are landless. Most of the landholders operate small-scale farming only, but the economic level of villagers is differentiated to some extent. As a result of accelerated agricultural development, productivity of rice has increased with a high degree of commercialization.
(2). In terms of economic status, workers and their employers are clearly distinguished : the workers are landless or low-class farmer, but the employers are middle-class or upper-class farmer. The landholding of each farmer class are less than 0.2ha in low-class, less than 0.5ha in middle-class, and 0.5ha or more in upper-class.
(3). The social relations between the workers and the employers are based on the principle of mutual help. The majority of workers are linked up with employers by neighboring ties, which have been formed as social networks through face-to-face contacts in village social life.
It should be noted, and this is crucial, that so-called “forces” of agricultural modernization may have little effect on the social networks existing among neighbors. By using these networks, the agricultural workers get employment opportunities and some shares of the benefit from development.
For further agricultural and rural development, it is necessary to pay more attention to the social networks among neighbors. because it provides a kind of basis for the development.

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