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Volume 101, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Hiromu KAWASAKI, Koichiro TAKASAKI1993 Volume 101 Issue 1 Pages 1-15
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRat mesenteric resistance blood vessels are innervated by nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) vasodilator nerves. In vitro pharmacological, biological and immunohistochemical studies have provided evidence that the calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), a 37 amino acid peptide translated by the calcitonin gene, has a potent vasodilator effect and acts as a vasodilator neurotransmitter for NANC vasodilator nerves. The CGRP-containing vasodilator nerves inhibit adrenergic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction through direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, while adrenergic nerves suppress the neurotransmission of CGRP-containing nerves by inhibiting CGRP release from the nerve. Thus, CGRP-containing nerves and adrenergic nerves control vascular tone with reciprocal interferrences. In in vivo studies, spinal cord (T9-12) stimulation of pithed rats produced a NANC depressor response mediated by endogenous CGRP, suggesting that CGRP-containing nerves are regulated by the central nervous system. The malfunction of CGRP-containing vasodilator nerves may be involved in cardiovascular diseases such as essential hypertension, coronal vasospasm, cerebral vasospasm and Renaud's phenomenon. It is suggested that the CGRP-containing vasodilator nerves play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone.View full abstractDownload PDF (32274K) -
Naoya ODANI, Keiichiro HAGA, Michihide SETOGUCHI1993 Volume 101 Issue 1 Pages 17-26
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed an automatic analyzing system using a personal computer to evaluate gastric motility objectively. Gastric motility was divided into three elements: motility index, amplitude and frequency. These elements analyzed with both computer and manual methods closely correlated with each other (R2 = 0.943, 0.985 and 0.986, respectively). The effect of Y-25130 on gastric motility was investigated in anesthetized rats with the automatic analyzing system. Intravenous administration of Y-25130 increased both spontaneous and cisplatin-reduced gastric motility. The effect of Y-25130 on spontaneous motility was superior to that of ondansetron and metoclopramide, and the effect on cisplatin-reduced motility was almost the same as that of ondansetron and superior to that of metoclopramide. In vagotomized rats, Y-25130 did not increase the gastric motility not only in spontaneous conditions but also in efferent vagus stimulated conditions. Atropine completely blocked the gastric motility induced by Y-25130. In capsaicin pre-treated rats, Y-25130 had no effect. On the other hand, Y-25130 increased the gastric motility induced by afferent vagus stimulation. These results suggest that Y-25130 increases gastric motility through the vagus nerve and acts on afferent neurons.View full abstractDownload PDF (16979K) -
Fumiaki ITOH, Yoshimitsu KOMATSU, Fumie TAYA, Masayuki ISAJI, Masami K ...1993 Volume 101 Issue 1 Pages 27-32
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of the ophthalmic solution of tranilast, an anti-allergic agent, on allergic conjunctivitis was studied in passively sensitized guinea pigs. We determined the content of uranine dye and histamine in tears and histopathologically examined palpebral conjunctiva. After instillation of antigen into the conjunctival sac, inflammations of the palpebral conjunctiva, an increase in leaked dye and the release of histamine were found. In the histopathological study, tranilast (1.0%) suppressed the appearance of edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Tranilast suppressed the leakage of uranine in a dose-dependent manner. A 0.5% solution of diphenhydramine also showed the inhibitory effect on the leakage of uranine. The inhibitory effect of 0.5% tranilast on antigen-induced dye leakage and histamine release lasted for 6 hr. These results suggest that topically applied tranilast is effective for allergic conjunctivitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (15362K) -
Michiyo KAWAKAGE, Naomi ISHIHARA, Akira KARASAWA, Hiroshi KASE1993 Volume 101 Issue 1 Pages 33-38
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of KW-3635 (sodium (E)-11-[2-(5, 6-dimethyl-1-benzimidazolyl) ethylidene]-6, 11-dihydrodibenz-[b, e] oxepine-2-carboxylate monohydrate, CAS 127166-41-0), a novel thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor antagonist, on furosemide diuresis were examined in rats. After an overnight fast, the rats received either saline or drugs, and 6-hr urine samples were collected. Urine volume, urinary excretion of electrolytes and urine TxB2 were measured. The administration of KW-3635 (10, 30 mg/kg, p.o.) or BM-13505 (10, 30 mg/kg) significantly increased the diuretic effect of furosemide (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Neither drug had any effect on urinary excretion of TxB2. These results demonstrated that the diuretic effect of furosemide was potentiated by TxA2 receptor blockade with KW-3635 or BM-13505. It is suggested that the diuretic effect of furosemide might be modulated by renal production of TxA2 elicited by this drug.View full abstractDownload PDF (11002K) -
Masahiko WATANABE, Masanao KANITANI, Yujiro KOBAYASHI, Masayuki TAKI, ...1993 Volume 101 Issue 1 Pages 39-51
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTJ-114 (Tsumura Sairei-to) is a powdered extract made from 12 Chinese herbal drugs. TJ-114 is used against various nephrotic diseases and used as an inhibitory treatment for the side effects of glucocorticoids. We expected that TJ-114 would increase the survival ratio of rats given a high dose of glucocorticoid. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the combined effects of glucocorticoid and TJ-114 in rats. An ointment containing fluocinolone acetonide (FA) was applied on the back of 7-week-old Wistar male rats for various periods. TJ-114 was administered orally at the doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg simultaneously. The combination with TJ-114 suppressed the loss of body weight by FA. The survival ratio of the FA group was 50%, but it was 83% for the group treated with FA in combination with 0.5 g/kg TJ-114 and no deaths were observed in the other drug combined group. With a lower dose of FA, we investigated its hematological effects and determined the white blood cell (WBC) count. Although the lymphocytes were decreased by FA, the combination with TJ-114 depressed this decrease of lymphocytes significantly. Furthermore, TJ-114 significantly suppressed the insulin increase elicited by FA. Macroscopic observations showed atrophy and decreases in the weights of the thymus, spleen and adrenal, all being target organs of glucocorticoid. The combination with TJ-114 decreased these effects of FA. Moreover, microscopic examinations revealed that FA induced the degeneration of lymphocytes and lymphocyte depletion in the cortex of the thymus, caused atrophy of the white pulp, decreased the extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen, and caused the atrophy of zona fasciculata in the adrenal cortex. The combination with TJ-114 depressed these effects significantly. These results suggest that TJ-114 suppresses the adverse side effects of gucocorticoids.View full abstractDownload PDF (38243K) -
Keigo OGATA, Mitsuko SHINOHARA, Hiroaki INOUE, Toshio MIYATA, Mitsushi ...1993 Volume 101 Issue 1 Pages 53-58
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 06, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined whether phagocytosis by macrophages (Mφs) is affected by local anesthetics (lidocaine HCl, prilocaine HCl, mepivacaine HCl, tetracaine HCl and procaine HCl). Opsonized zymosan, fetal bovine serum and one local anesthetic were added to each Mφ sample. After a 30-min incubation, Mφs were washed to make Giemsa stained slides for counting. The phagocytosis rate was calculated by counting the phagocytosizing Mφs per 200 cells with an optical microscope, and rates for the samples containing local anesthetics were compared with those for the non-treated samples. Inhibition of phagocytosis was reversible, dose-dependent and pH dependent for all local anesthetics. Tetracaine HCl inhibited phagocytosis most and procaine HCl, least. These results suggest that local anesthetics at the level of clinical use inhibit leukocyte phagocytosis and therefore may interfere with the normal function of cells fundamental to host defense.View full abstractDownload PDF (12642K)
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