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Volume 50 (1954)
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Volume 50, Issue 3
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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(1). Effect of adenosine derivatives on excised muscle, especially on smooth muscleKankichi FUJITA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 173-182,en17
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour adenosine derivatives, viz. ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine, were studied with regard to their pharmacological action on muscles, particularly on isolated smooth muscles. The stimulating action on uterus and relaxing effect on intestine were found to be common to all these adenosine derivatives. The following effects, however, could be obtained only by ATP and ADP : the contraction of intestine and frog's M. rectus abdominis, and the accelerating effect on acetylcholine contraction of the latter. Ergotamine and ergometrine were shown to have a specific accelerating effect on the stimulating action of adenosine derivatives on hamster uterus.View full abstractDownload PDF (13688K) -
(2). Glycerol treated muscle and “Relaxing factor”Kankichi FUJITA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 183-192,en17
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author has succeded in isolating a substance from skeletal muscle, which causes the relaxation of glycerol treated muscle in the presence of ATP. This substance, tentatively named “relaxing factor” by the author, is thermolabil and protein-like in nature, being effective at pH 6.0-7.0, and appears mostly in the fraction precipitated by 20 gm/dl of ammoninm sulfate. Glycerol treated muscle relaxed by the addition of “relaxing factor” can be again shortened by ATP, i.e. the contraction-relaxation cycle is able to be reversibly repeated. When a small amount of Ca is added to this muscle preparation thus relaxed, there happens a very rapid contraction which has never been observed in usual ATP contraction of glycerol treated muscle. This may probably be due to the inactivation of “relaxing factor” by Ca. This is consistent to the fact that Ca precipitant such as oxalate, fluoride or phosphate accelerates the relaxing action of this factor. The author believes that the discovery of “relaxing factor” may contribute to the clarification of the physiological mechanism in muscular contraction.View full abstractDownload PDF (12732K) -
Masatoshi MORIKAWA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 193-203,en17
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hemolytic activity of various surface active agents (SAA) and their influences on the activity of other hemolytic agents was investigated using rabbit red cells. The result : 1) The hemolytic potency of cationic SAA was markedly stronger, than that of anionic or nonionic ones. There seems to be no relation between the hemolytic activity and the surface tension of the SAA solution. 2) Tween 80, G 2162 and Softex KW (cetyl trimethyl ammonium biomide) increased the intensity the hemolysis elicited by urethane, chloral, HgCl2, Pb(NO3)2 and hypotonic solution respectively, but Span inhibited it. 3) The hemolytic activity of staphylolysin was suppressed by SAA, especially by cationic agents. The ratio of concentration of SAA and staphylolysin required to suppress hemolysis was C/CC/16C (C= the minimum hemolysing concentration). 4) The hemolytic action of Softex KW and Span 20 was inhibited by cholesterol, but this inhibition was not so strong as in the case of saponin-hemolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1979K) -
Masatoshi MORIKAWA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 204-210,en18
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hemolytic activity of 7 compounds of Emulgen series [polyoxyethylen alkyl ether R-0- (CH2CH2Ox) H] was tested by the previously described method. 1) It was observed that the more lypophilic the Emulgen, the stronger their hemolytic activity is, and vice versa. 2) Most of Emulgen compounds increased the hemolytic potency of urethane, chloral, HgCl2, Pb (NO3) 2 and hypotonic solution, but Emulgen 210 inhibited Pb (NO3) 2hemolysis. 3) The staphylolysin-hemolysis was inhibited by all Emulgen compounds. The ratio of concentration of Emulgen compounds and staphylolysin that suppressed hemolysis was 2C/ C-C/8C (C = the minimum hemolysing concentration). 4) The hemolysis by Emulgen compounds was inhibited by cholesterol, but this was not so strong as in saponin-hemolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1168K) -
Masaharu KIKKAWA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 211-231,en18
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe metabolic fate of β-dimethylaminoethylbenzhydrylether (Restamin, R.) was studied in guinea pigs, and was compared with that in rabbits and toads. The results obtained were as follows : 1) R. subcutaneously or orally administered was absorbed rapidly. Symptoms of stimulation developed when the levels of R. in the blood exceeded 5 mg per cc. 2) Urinary excretion of R. was also relatively rapid in guinea pigs, and 4.2-23.2 % of the injected dose was excreted in the urine in unchanged form in 24 hours. 3) R. was distributed through all the tissues in guinea pigs, and the highest concentration was found in lungs, and decreasingly in spleen, liver, kidneys and small intestine. 4) The rate of decomposition in slices from the livers of guinea pigs was more rapid than that from other tissues. In toads the decomposition activity was lower than in the other animals and its optimal temperature for decomposition was slightly lower. In the perfusion experiments on the liver and hind legs of toads similar results were obtained.5) The optimal condition for the decomposition of R. was found at 37.5°C and pH 7.4. 6) In the decomposition of R. in liver tissue in the first step the ether linkage was broken down and benzhydrol and dimethylaminoethanol were found as metabolic products. Then benzhydrol was metabolized into an unknown acidic substance, and dimethylaminoethanol was partly metabolized through an unknown route. The antihistaminic and antiacetylcholinic activity were not demonstrated in these metabolic products. 7) The decomposition of R. in the liver slices of guinea pigs was inhibited markedly by some reducing agents, such as cysteine, ascorbic acid or hydroxylamine, and in perfusion experiments on the liver and hind legs of toads, cysteine showed the same effect, but in vivo experiments these reducing agents had no influence.View full abstractDownload PDF (8259K) -
Teruo OMIYA, Goichi OKAMOTO1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 232-235,en19
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anticonvulsant and muscle relaxing effect of 14 glyceryl ether derivatives newly synthetized has been studied in which no more effective compounds were proved.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
Takeshi OTORII1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 236-241,en19
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author investigated the effects of various autonomic nervous or cardiac drugs on the isolated heart of Entosphenus japonicus, a kind of eel, being taxonomically classified in the lowest of vertebrates. Atropine and adrenaline produced scarcely a cardiac action. Pilocarpine increased the heart frequency and augmented the ventricular contraction, with a simultaneous elevation of cardiac tonus, while, at high concentrations, it produced a systolic standstill. No antagonism was observed between atropine and pilocarpine. Both physostigmine and prostigmine produced the same cardiac action as pilocarpine did. Acetylcholine increased the heart frequency more significantly than the above drugs did and produced a diastolic standstill. Synthetic muscaririe had the almost same action as acetylcholine. Nicotine caused the ventricular fibrillation for a few minutes immediately after application. Extracts of digitalis leaves augmented the ventricular contraction and increased the heart frequency a little. Digitoxin greatly increased the heart frequency. Digitamin, one of digitalis preparations for injection, promoted the heart beat a little. g-Strophanthin produced the significant increase of the heart frequency and augmented the ventricular contraction. The ventricular tonus was also increased. No change was produced, on the heart frequency with vitacamphor. This drug augmented the ventricular contraction and regulated arrhythmia completely. The heart of Entosphenus japonicus differed in various point of responses to drugs from those of other vertebrates, and this should allow to assume a mechanism of autonomic or heart regulation for it, different from that of other animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (6084K) -
Toshikazu FUJISAWA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 242-248,en19
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe therapeutic effect of drugs and the relationship between the effect of strophanthin and that of autonomic drugs were investigated on the rabbit's heart with arrhythmia induced by strophanthin using either the isolated, auricular strips with the pace-maker preserved or the organs in situ. It was recognized that this arrhythmia might be induced as the result. of drug poisoning in the cardiac muscleView full abstractDownload PDF (7021K) -
Ken-ichi NAKASHIMA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 249-257,en19
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antagonistic action of histamine to antihistaminics was utudies on the frog's mesenterial blood vesssels by means of perfusion with microscopic observation and also the examinations were carried out with perfusing various drugs through the blood vessels of other regions from varied animals, where the antagonism concerning with the capillar permeability was recognized in rabbits and mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (2087K) -
Fujio FUJITA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 258-263,en20
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCholinesterase was determined by the biological method, using isolated Rectus abdominis of frog, in acute alcohol intoxicated and alcohol habituated rabbits. The results were as follows : The cholinesterase activity of brain, liver and serum of the acute intoxicated rabbits, showed approximately the same levels, when compared with the normal. rabbits. On the other hand, cholinesterase activity of tissues were significantly depressed in the alcohol habituated. It is probable that there is a certain relation between the acquirement of alcohol habituation and the depression of cholinesterase activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
Hikaru NAGAHAMA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 264-274,en20
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPharmacological properties and ultraviolet absorption curve of the active principle which appeared in the plasma as a result of intravenous injection of colloid (Mastix-sol and congo red) were found to be identical with those of ITP (inosine-triphosphate). Consequently the active principle must be inosine-nucleotid, even though it may not be ITP itself.View full abstractDownload PDF (13733K) -
Takeo MASAKI, Hikaru NAGAHAMA, Noritoshi OHARA, Yoshihiko SASAMORI1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 275-278,en20
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Nucleotid in cat's blood cells is adenine-nucleotid, but it is transformed into inosine-nucleotid when it is released from blood cells upon intravenous injection of colloid. The deamination is performed either in the blood immediately after releasing, or in some organs, e.g. in liver, on circulation. This is the reason why we could not find adenine-nucleotid in the plasma even during colloid shock. 2) Ultraviolet absorption curve of the active principle which appeared in the plasma on recovering from colloid shock corresponded with that of epinephrine. This suggests that the rise in blood pressure which appears on recovering from colloid shock is due to the excretion of epinephrine.View full abstractDownload PDF (732K) -
Takeo MASAKI, Hikaru NAGAHAMA, Noritoshi OHARA, Yoshihiko SASAMORI1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 279-284,en20
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was often seen that after the administration of quinine the lowering of blood pressure induced by intravenous injection of colloid was remarkably diminished and that a secondary rise in blood pressure occasionally occurred. This phenomenon is probably due to the fact that the hypertensive action of epinephrine, which is excreted from adrenal glands compensatorily for the hypotensive effect of nucleotid released. from blood cells, is significantly potentiated by quinine.View full abstractDownload PDF (5675K) -
Kazuhiro HARAGUCHI1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 285-290,en21
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes of circulating eosinophil counts, urinary excretion of chemocorticoid, and uric acid-creatinine ratio of urine was studied following administration of salicylates and cinophen (cinchophen) in normal and adrenalectomized rats. From the results it is no doubt that sodium salicylate and cinophen stimulates the pituitary-adrenal system, because all of three most important reactions related to adrenal function becomes positive after both of drugs and the reactions are blocked by adrenalectomy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1374K) -
I. Fundamental investigation on contents thereofTadashi INASAKA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 291-296,en21
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe normal levels and the distributions, as well as the variations due to being bred outside of the host, have been observed of the glycogen contents of normal pig ascaris. The remarkable variation is noticed in the glycogen contents of pig ascaris collected freely, but the individual differences are not so remarkable in those of the pig ascaris collected from the same host. The differences according to sex are also remarkable. The distribution by percentage of the glycogen of female pig ascaris is seen in the order of muscle, reproductive organ, digestive organ, cuticle and body fluid. In the breeding experiment, it is found that ascaris can make glycogen from glucose, but not from Polytamine or glycerin, and that the glycogen can be utilized or produced in either aerobic condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (1131K) -
II. Effects of various anthelminitics and some chemicals on glycogen contents of ascarisTadashi INASAKA1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 297-306,en21
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of several anthelmintics and of some chemicals, viz., lactic acid, pot. acetate and Cu (CNS) 2, upon the glycogen metabolism have been pursued in pig ascaris. The anthelmintics, especially santonin, hexylresorcinol, chlorcarvacrol and carbon tetrachloride, tend. to augment the normal decrease of glycogen contents of pig ascaris. And histochemically too, the same. result is observed to be brought by hexylresorcinol. Such decrease of glycogen contents or increase of glycolysis is also induced by lactic acid and Cu (CNS) 2, but not so remarkably by pot. acetate. Furthermore, it is observed that Cu (CNS) 2 and pot. acetate check the glycogenesis from glucose in pig ascaris.View full abstractDownload PDF (1991K) -
Fundamental studies on the body temperature in rabbits. ISuminobu MORI, Kenji URAGUCHI1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 307-320,en22
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRectal temperatures of 705 rabbits were measured seven times a day under ordinary conditions. 4935 measurements obtained during three years and four months were analyzed with special reference to the environmental temperature ranging from 4°C to 31°C. The average body temperature was found 39°.40C, standard deviation being 0°.29C with normal frequency distribution. A normal level of body temperature of rabbits, in group averages, was proved to change with a certain correlation to its thermal surroundings. Daily variations, the lowest at noon and the highest in the evening throughout a year, formed a V-shaped curve and the span of the diurnal rhythm changed, with its thermal surroundings, indicating a highly unstable state of body, temperature in severe seasons. This disturbance was easily evoked in winter than in summer. A small fraction (7.6 %) of the whole data went beyond the stipulated limits (38°.9C to 39°.8C in J.P. and U.S.P.) and further analyses represented role of various external temperatures upon rabbits each temperature of the environment had its own significance in affecting the physiology of the animal. At a room temperature ranging between 17°, 28°C and 24°, 25°C, a thermal mechanism of. rabbit was most free from any restrictive influence from the outside. It was convinced that the stability of body temperature is retained on a practically constant level throughout the whole extent of this optimum range of the environmental temperature, i.e. 21°±4°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (2908K) -
Fundamental studies on the body temperature in rabbits. IISuminobu MORI1954 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 321-336,en22
Published: May 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnalyses of the temperature fluctuations within comparatively short observation hours, based on 3998 readings in five different periods on diurnal temperature curves in 785 normal rabbits, were carried out with special, reference to the influence of environmental temperature, natural or air-conditioned, and feeding. Exposed to the external temperature ranging from 4° to 31°C, the average fluctuation of 705 rabbits was less than 0.2°C for any of three two-hour-periods, less than 0.3 °Cfor the four hours consisting of the later two of these three periods and and 0.35°C for the whole six hours. The range of fluctuation, when expressed in group averages, varied depending on the thermal surroundings, indicating a higher internal stability at the optimum temperature of environment. A fluctuation in the first two-hour-period was demonstrated to have a certain. correlation with that in the next four-hour-period. A single measurement of body temperature at the end of the first period may serve as a fail ly reliable index for a possible fluctuation during any length of period. Feeding on the day of observation was found to play an important part in elevating the body temperature and in enhancing its fluctuation. This disturbance was noticeable at any thermal environment and most easily evokable at temperatures higher than 25°C. Changes both in temperature and in its fluctuation pattern developing immediately after placing the rabbit in a constantly air-conditioned room, subsided very slowly and settled on a level corresponding to an internal stability proper to the renewed surrounding, which did not occur, however, until after a lapse of more than four days.View full abstractDownload PDF (5763K)
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