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Volume 84 (1984)
- Issue 6 Pages 471-
- Issue 5 Pages 411-
- Issue 4 Pages 327-
- Issue 3 Pages 259-
- Issue 2 Pages 155-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 84, Issue 6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Yomei TAKE, Naoki YAMAZAKI, Naohisa FUKUDA, Yoshiaki SAJI, Yuji NAGAWA1984 Volume 84 Issue 6 Pages 471-482
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the changes of behavioral, electrophysiological and biochemical parameters during and after global cerebral ischemia in rats. Global cerebral ischemia was produced by the temporary occlusion of both common carotid arteries 24 hr after the permanent electrocauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries. Just before recirculation following 10 or 30 min of cerebral ischemia, loss of'righting reflex, flattenning of cortical EEG activity, and detrimental decrease of ATP content and marked increase of lactate content in the cerebrum were observed. The alterations of all parameters completely recovered within 60 min after recirculation in 10-min cerebral ischemic rats. However, the 30-min cerebral ischemic rats showed almost no recovery after recirculation, suggesting that some irreversible damages are produced in the cerebrum of the 30-min ischemic rat. On the other hand, it was found that the auditory brain stem evoked response (ABER) and ATP content in the pons plus medulla were only slightly affected by the ischemic procedure, which indicates that the ischemic damages do not ensue in the lower part of the brain stem.View full abstractDownload PDF (6537K) -
Yomei TAKE, Shigehiko NARUMI, Yasuo NAGAI, Etsuo KURIHARA, Yoshiaki SA ...1984 Volume 84 Issue 6 Pages 485-498
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of global cerebral ischemia on neurochemical parameters in the brain were examined in rats. Global cerebral ischemia was produced by temporary occulsion of the bilateral common carotid arteries 24 hr after the permanent electrocauterization of the bilateral vertebral arteries. In 10-min cerebral ischemic rats, the brain levels of monoamine were unaltered. The brain levels of r-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which increased about 1.5-fold just before recirculation, almost recovered to the levels of the sham operated group (sham ope. levels) within 5 min after recirculation. The brain levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), although they altered a little just before recirculation, increased about 6-fold I min after recirculation, and they recovered to the sham ope. levels 3-5 min later. In 30-min cerebral ischemic rats, the brain levels of monoamine decreased to about 40% of the sham ope. levels just before recirculation, and norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels did not recover within 30 min after recirculation in the telencephalon. The brain GABA levels which increased about 2-fold just before recirculation, recovered to the sham ope. tevels in all brain regions by 30-min recirculation except for the levels in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The brain cAMP levels which increased about 3.5-fold 10 min after recirculation, almost recovered 20 min later. However, the cAMP levels in the telencephalon decreased to levels lower than the sham ope. levels 30 min after recirculation. It is suggested that the changes of these neurochemical parameters in the telencephalon are related in part to the abnormalities o behavior and EEG activity which have been already reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (6726K) -
Effect of neurotropin on mouse peritoneal macrophagesHaruo YOSHII, Keigo WATANABE, Yukiyoshi YANAGIHARA, Takao SHIDA1984 Volume 84 Issue 6 Pages 499-507
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was reported that neurotropin (NSP), an extract isolated from the inflamed skins of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus, activates murine T cell functions participating in cell-mediated immunity. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of NSP on plastic dish-adherent macrophages (Mφ) from ddY mice in vitro. Total activities of β-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in resident peritoneal Mφ was slightly enhanced when the MO were cultured with NSP (10-1000 μg/ml) for 48 and 96 hr, but no enhancement was noted in 24 hr culture. Intracellular activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was also strongly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by culturing with NSP for 48 and 96 hr. The enhanced LDH activity in the MO cultured with NSP for 96 hr was completely inhibited by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. In addition, consumption of glucose in the culture media by the Mφ was also enhanced by culturing with NSP for 96 hr. Intracellular activity of LDH and glucose consumption of plastic dish-nonadherent cells from normal mouse peritoneal cells, however, was not enhanced by NSP in 96 hr culture. In regard to allogeneic Mφ-mediated cytostatic activity to P815-X2 mastocytoma, NSP had no effect on cytostatic activites of the resident and thioglycollate-induced Mφ, although NSP by itself dose-dependently inhibited the growth of P815-X2 mastocytoma without affecting cell viability. These results suggest that NSP biochemically activates mouse peritoneal Mφ in vitro, but the Mφ activated by NSP can not inhibit the growth of P815-X2 mastocytoma.View full abstractDownload PDF (5023K) -
Shuzo SATO, Shinji SUGIMOTO, Takao ANDO, Hiroaki MIYAJIMA, Sukehiro CH ...1984 Volume 84 Issue 6 Pages 509-517
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to devise an electrophysiological method for detecting diabetic retinopathy in rats. The electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) were recorded from unanesthetized and unrestrained rats rendered diabetic with a single i.v. injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 35 or 40 mg/kg. The STZ-treated rats showed signs of diabetes : hyperglycemia, glucosuria, hypoinsulinemia, polyuria and increased water intake. Amplitudes of the ERG a and b-waves and oscillatory potentials (OPs) on the b-wave were decreased and latencies of these waves were prolonged gradually after STZ was administered. Especially, latencies of the ON became significantly different from the pre-treatment values. Latency of the VEP N, wave showed a slight prolongation, which might be secondary to the depression of retinal function. Histological examination showed swelling and proliferation of the lens epithelium and swelling and vacuolization of the lens fiber were observed in the eyeball 9 weeks after STZ-treatment. Moreover, thinning of each retinal layer was observed in a few rats. Daily s.c. injection of insulin at 10 units/rat/day started from the 4th week. The ERG values returned to the control values after 2-3 weeks of insulin therapy. These results indicate that the ERG and VEP recording procedure used in the present study is useful for early detection of the diabetic retinopathy in rats and that the OP of the ERG appears to be vulnerable to diabetes in the rat as it is in the human.View full abstractDownload PDF (5226K) -
Shigetoshi SHUTO, Teruhito USA, Tatsumi TSUMAGARI, Akira NAKAJIMA1984 Volume 84 Issue 6 Pages 519-528
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of nizofenone on pyramidal response (PR), electrocorticogram (ECoG) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) following recirculation after complete global brain ischemia was compared with that of pentobarbital in gallamine-immobilized cats. The basilar artery and the branches of both carotid arteries (superior thyroid artery, dorsal muscular branch, internal carotid artery, occipital artery and ascending pharyngeal artery) were all ligated. The cats were subjected to complete brain ischemia by occluding both common carotid arteries for 45 min, followed by 180 min recirculation. rCBF of the cortex (suprasylvian gyrus) and the internal capsule was monitored by the hydrogen clearance method. Blood gases were regulated within a range determined previously in freely-moving cats throughout the experiment. Nizofenone (1 mg/kg, i.v.) facilitated the recovery of PR and ECoG, and it inhibited the phenomenon of secondary suppression evidenced by interruption and reversion of the recovery process. rCBF showed good recovery throughout the recirculation period. Pentobarbital (20 mg/kg, i.v.) facilitated the recovery of PR during the early period of recirculation, but secondary suppression of PR, associated with the decline of rCBF, was evident. These results suggest that the ameliorative effect of nizofenone on the recovery of neuronal functions is due to its ability to protect neurons against ischemic anoxia and to prevent interruption of postischemic circulation, and also the good recovery of rCBF is due to its ability to protect vasculature against ischemic anoxia.View full abstractDownload PDF (5256K) -
Yasushi IKARASHI, Tomiya SASAHARA, Yuji MARUYAMA1984 Volume 84 Issue 6 Pages 529-536
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple method for the determination of choline (Ch) and acetylcholine (ACh) in rat brain regions by application of high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection(HPLC-ED) is described. Separation of endogenous Ch, ACh, and ethylhomocholine (EHC) as internal standard on a chemcosorb 3C-18 column is followed by electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) derived from the compounds. H2O2 was enzymatically produced in the reaction coil (10 m). The assay limit for quantitation was 10-30 pmole for both compounds. The brain tissue was homogenized with 15%-IN formic acid in acetone and centrifuged. The supernatant was washed with ether once and then blown off using N2 gas before an aqueous solution was immediately applied for analysis. Recovery rates were 96.1±1.4% for Ch and 95.6±2.2% for ACh. The levels of Ch and ACh in rat brain regions after sacrifice either by decapitation or microwave irradiation (10 kW, 2450 MHz, Magnetic-field type) were compared with those previously reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (4545K) -
Yasuyuki ICHIMARU, Minehiro MORIYAMA, Michiko ICHIMARU, Yutaka GOMITA1984 Volume 84 Issue 6 Pages 537-542
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of γ-oryzanol were studied on gastric lesions induced by both conditioned emotional stimuli (CES) and REM sleep deprivations and on the facilitation of small intestinal propulsive activity by CES in mice. The CES were given by the communication box method, and the REM sleep deprivations were performed by a modified flower pot method. The incidence of gastric lesions in responder mice induced by CES was reduced by twice p.o. administrations at 6 hr interval of γ-oryzanol at 200 and 500 mg/kg, oxazolam at 2 mg/kg and atropine at 1-10 mg/kg. The incidence in sender mice was also reduced by r-oryzanol at 200 and 500 mg/kg. In addition, the incidence of gastric lesions induced by REM sleep deprivation was also reduced by single administration of γ-oryzanol at 100 and 200 mg/kg and oxazolam at 5 mg/kg. The facilitation of small intestinal propulsive activity in responder mice induced by CES was suppressed by γ-oryzanol at 100 and 200 mg/kg and atropine at 10 mg/kg. These results indicate that γ-oryzanol has an antiulcerative action on gastric lesions induced by CES and REM sleep deprivation, and it has a suppressive action on the facilitation of intestinal propulsion induced by CES.View full abstractDownload PDF (3282K) -
Fusao AMANUMA, Chieko WAKAUMI, Makoto TANAKA, Makoto MURAMATSU, Hirona ...1984 Volume 84 Issue 6 Pages 543-551
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experimental conditions of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced writhing were investigated, and the analgesic effects of non-steroidal anit-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on ACh-induced writhing were investigated in comparison with those on other writhings. Mice injected (i.p.) with more than 5 mg/kg of ACh showed the writhing response, and the number of writhes were almost equal in all mice. Therefore, the analgesic effects were evaluated as follows: NSAIDs were administered orally 30 min before the ACh injection (5 mg/kg, i.p), the number of writhes were counted in each mouse during a period of 10 min following the ACh injection, and mice that did not show any writhing responses were regarded as positive for the analgesic activity. The analgesic effects of NSAIDs showing the inhibitory effect on prostaglandin (PGs) biosynthesis were more potent than those in other writhing tests. The ED50 values in the ACh-induced writhing were highly correlated with the IC50 values in the inhibitory effects on PGs biosynthesis (r=0.81, P<0.01) and with the ED50 values in the anti-castor oil diarrhoea (r=0.93, P<0.01). Moreover, the ED50 values of acidic NSAIDs in ACh-induced writhing were also highly correlated with the clinical doses (r=0.90, P<0.001). These results suggest that the ACh-induced writhing method should be useful for the evaluation of the analgesic effects of acidic NSAIDs, and the analgesic effects on the ACh-induced writhing are related to their inhibitory effects on PGs biosynthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (4115K) -
Yoshio AIZAWA, Hiroshi KOGO, Kenji YAMADA, Norihisa INAZU, Tadahiro MA ...1984 Volume 84 Issue 6 Pages 553-561
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 07, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of difluprednate on the deposition of liver glycogen, the inhibition of adrenocortical function, the estrogenic, progestational and androgenic activities, and the excretion of electrolytes were investigated by comparing them with those of fluocinonide. The following results were obtained: 1) the deposition of liver glycogen was remarkably increased by subcutaneous administration of these two glucocorticoids, and in the dose of 0.1 mg/kg, the effect of difluprednate (35.1-fold the control value) was larger than that of fluocinonide (19.4-fold the control value) in mice. 2) the administration of difluprednate and fluocinonide greatly induced the decrease in the corticosterone concentration in the rat serum and adrenal gland (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, s.c.). 3) the estrogenic, progestational and androgenic activities were not recognized by administration of difluprednate in rats. 4) the two glucocorticoids induced an increase in the electrolytes excretion (especially K+) and the urine volume. 5) by the repeated injection of difluprednate (1.0 mg/kg) and fluocinonide (0.1 mg/kg), decrease of the body weight was observed in all of the experimental animals. In these experiments, it was recognized that the glucocortical action of difluprednate was similar or more potent in comparison with the action of fluocinonide and that the systemic effects of fluocinonide such as body weight loss was larger than that of difluprednate.View full abstractDownload PDF (4214K)
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