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Volume 80 (1982)
- Issue 6 Pages 417-
- Issue 5 Pages 325-
- Issue 4 Pages 271-
- Issue 3 Pages 203-
- Issue 2 Pages 93-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 80, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Haruhiko SHINOZAKI1982 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 203-207
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen agonists are ionophoretically applied to the neuromuscular junction using a short current pulse, the effect of stray capacity and the change of resistance of the ejecting micropipette on the output current has to be considered. The present paper describes an apparatus that was devised using OP-amplifiers so that the apparent stray capacity was remarkably reduced, and the amount of the output currents was in proportion to the input voltage of the short pulse even if the resistance of the micropipette changed markedly during the experiments.View full abstractDownload PDF (1675K) -
Hisashi SHINODA, Hideaki OGURA1982 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 209-220
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYoung growing rats were maintained on drinking water containing different amounts of fluoride (0, 45, 100 and 113 ppm of F) for 70 days. Ultrastructural and chemical changes in the incisor enamel were investigated using scanning electron microscopy combined with a microincineration technique with a low temperature asher and by means of chemical analyses. The enamel formed during high fluoride exposure showed marked hypocalcification, that is, the crystallite density in the prism core as well as in the interprismatic region was lower than that of control animals. The organic constituents appeared to increase in those regions. These changes were evident in the outer enamel layer. Such results following fluoride administration were confirmed by chemical analyses, that is, calcium and inorganic phosphorus contents in the enamel decreased, whereas the amount of organic carbon in the enamel increased as the fluoride concentration in drinking water became higher. The results obtained in the present study appear to indicate that fluoride interferes with the process of enamel maturation. The mode of fluoride action was discussed with special reference to the recent findings about enamel formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (8427K) -
Masaki SHIBOTA, Mitsuru KAKIHANA, Akinobu NAGAOKA1982 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 221-224
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of vinpocetine and ifenprodil on the brain glucose uptake were studied in mice using a glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose-14C, as a tracer of glucose. The brain glucose uptake was 1.42±0.06 mg/g/10 min (n=8, Mean±SEM) in fasted control mice (5 ml/kg of 2% ascorbic acid). Thirty min after 5 and 20 mg/kg (p.o.) of vinpocetine, the uptake was increased to 106±6% (n=9, P>0.05) and 115±5% (n=9, P<0.05) of the control value, respectively. The uptake was not increased by oral administration of 5 and 20 mg/kg of ifenprodil tartrate. Ten min after intraperitoneal injection of I and 5 mg/kg of vinpocetine, the glucose uptake was increased to 106±5% (n=10, P>0.05) and 112±4% (n=10, P<0.05) of the control value, respectively. These results indicate that vinpocetine increases cerebral energy metabolism in mice after oral administration as well as intraperitoneal injection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1888K) -
Mitsuru KAKIHANA, Masahiro SUNO, Masaki SHIBOTA, Kazuhiro HAMAJO, Akin ...1982 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 225-229
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe protective effect of vinpocetine on experimental brain ischemia was studied in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) with bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) and in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) subjected to BCAO and hemorrhage (1% of body weight). In SHRSP with BCAO, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of vinpocetine (1 mg/kg) 10 min before BCAO significantly prolonged the time required for the onset of ischemic seizure from 65±13 min (mean±SEM) to 117±19 min. In WKY with BCAO and hemorrhage, vinpocetine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the lactate level in the cerebral cortex from 11.6±2.7 mmol/g to 5.9±1.2 mmol/g and elevated the concentration of ATP from 2.05±0.09 mmol/g to 2.25±0.03 mmol/g. These results suggest a protective effect of vinpocetine against brain ischemia.View full abstractDownload PDF (2407K) -
Masatoyo KAGOSHIMA, Nobuo SUGURO1982 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 231-238
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges of gastric movements and ulcerogenic mechanisms in reserpine (6 mg/kg s.c.)-induced ulcer were studied in Wistar male rats weighing 180 to 220 g after fasting for about 20 hr. Under anesthesia with Nembutal (30 mg/kg i.p.), rats were fixed on their backs. The abdomen was incised and the stomach was exposed. Gastric movements of the fundic glandular area of greater curvature (A), the fundic-antral area of lesser curvature (B), and the neighboring area of pylorus (C) were recorded electromyographically after placing a small bipolar electrode of 1 mm distance on each area. Spontaneously, many higher amplitudes were found in area B and less found in area A. In area C, there were the least number of spikes and the lowest amplitudes. These gastric movements were inhibited until 1 hr after reserpine followed by a gradual increase in spikes and higher amplitudes. This increase was long-lasting and most marked in area B. Increased gastric movements due to reserpine were completely inhibited by atropine and vagotomy, moderately inhibited by hexamethonium and diphenhydramine, and only weakly inhibited by l-phenylephrine, l-isoproterenol, phentolamine, propranolol, metiamide, and methysergide. In reserpine-induced ulcer, ischemia occurred most markedly in area A, but erosions initiated from area B as reported previously. In area B, the gastric movements were most active, and the erosions were inhibited by the drugs which suppress gastric movements. These results suggest that reserpine-induced ulcer is due not only to the ischemia in the earlier stage, but also to the long-lasting hypermotility in the later stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (3640K) -
Akihiko YONEZAWA, Takeshi TADANO, Shinichi URANO, Kensuke KISARA, Yuki ...1982 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 239-249
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of methyl o-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)reserpate (CD-3400), a new antihypertensive agent belonging to the class of rauwolfia alkaloids, on erection and ejaculation in dogs were investigated and compared with such effects of reserpine and rescinnamine in dogs. A single dose of CD-3400 (0.125 mg/kg) administered orally to normal dogs produced no effects on erection and ejaculation, although the same dose of reserpine and rescinnamine resulted in a marked suppression of only ejaculation at 24 and 48 hr after administration. CD-3400 (0.5 mg/kg) administered orally, as well as reserpine (0.125 mg/kg) and rescinnamine (0.125 mg/kg) suppressed ejaculation at 24 hr after administration; however, the suppressive effect of CD-3400 on ejaculation was weaker and shorter than that of reserpine or rescinnamine and recovered 96 hr after administration. The order of the suppressive effect of the agents was as follows: reserpine>rescinnamine>CD-3400. Repeated administration of reserpine (0.01 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 20 days, produced a marked suppressive effect on ejaculation, whereas the effect of CD-3400 (0.06 mg/kg/day p.o.) was also weaker than that of reserpine. 24 hr after oral administration in a single dose of CD-3400 (0.5 mg/kg), reserpine (0.125 mg/kg) or rescinnamine (0.125 mg/kg), the ratios of dopamine (DA) to serotonin (5-HT) in the anterior hypothalamus and hippocampus were decreased significantly as compared with the control. These results indicate that CD-3400 results in a weaker suppressive effect on ejaculation as compared to reserpine and rescinnamine, and CD-3400 - induced suppression may be due to a decrease in the ratio of DA to 5-HT in the anterior hypothalamus and hippocampus.View full abstractDownload PDF (4969K) -
Kenji OHMORI, Hidee ISHII, Tatsuyuki HIRAYAMA, Katsuichi SHUTO, Nobuhi ...1982 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 251-260
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was an attempt to clarify the pharmacological properties of oxatomide. Oxatomide administered i.v. was found to be as active as disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in inhibiting the IgE-mediated 48 hr homologous PCA in rats. In contrast to DSCG, oxatomide was also effective when administered p.o. Oxatomide inhibited the IgG-mediated 4 hr heterologous PCA in guinea pigs. However, DSCG did not prevent this reaction. In an attempt to determine at what stage in the PCA reaction oxatomide was effective, the experiment was performed utilizing a double sensitization technique with two different IgE antibodies, anti-dinitrophenylated-ascaris extract and anti-egg albumin. When the same antigen was challenged twice in sequence, the second antigen challenge did not produce the PCA regardless of the presence or absence of oxatomide at the initial antigen challenge. However, the presence of oxatomide during the period of the first challenge preserved completely the PCA responsiveness of the tissue to the second challenge with the other antigen. Similar results were obtained with DSCG. These results suggest that oxatomide may not impair the antigen-antibody combination, but it probably prevents the release of chemical mediators in a manner similar to DSCG.View full abstractDownload PDF (4513K) -
Kenji OHMORI, Hidee ISHII, Tatsuyuki HIRAYAMA, Katsuichi SHUTO, Nobuhi ...1982 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 261-270
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was performed to examine the effects of oxatomide on the four types of allergic reactions classified by Cooms and Gell. 1) type 1: Oxatomide administered p.o. showed inhibitory effects on the 48 hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats and the passive anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. 2) type 2: Oxatomide showed few effects on the complement-dependent cytolysis of sheep red blood cells, the Forssman shock in guinea pigs, and the reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis and the swelling of the footpad induced by rabbit antiserum against rat serum in rats. 3) type 3: Oxatomide alleviated the symptoms during the early stage of the active Arthus reaction in guinea pigs, but the drug did not inhibit the symptoms during the later stage of the reaction. 4) type 4: Oxatomide did not exert an inhibitory effect on the delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride and to sheep red blood cells in mice. These results indicate that oxatomide selectively suppress the type 1 allergic reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (4264K)
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