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Volume 97, Issue 1
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Hiroshi IWAO, Youichi ABE1991 Volume 97 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent advances in molecular biological techniques provide us with genetic approaches for studying the renin-angiotensin system. Renin and angiotensinogen cDNAs have been cloned in several species, and the sequences are highly conserved between the species. The 5'-flanking region of the human renin gene indicated putative regulatory sequences of glucocorticoid, estrogen, progesterone, and cAMP. The 5'-flanking region of the human angiotensinogen gene also had putative regulatory sequences of glucocorticoid, estrogen, acute phase protein, and cAMP. These structures may be related to the tissue specific expression of the renin and angiotensinogen genes. In this review, expression of rat renin and angiotensinogen genes in various tissues in the following conditions are described: a) different sodium intake in the liver, kidney, and brain; b) angiotensin II and converting enzyme inhibition in the liver, kidney and brain; c) renovascular hypertension in the kidney and liver; d) aging in the liver and kidney; e) adrenal steroids in the liver, kidney and brain; f) gonadotropin and testosterone in the testes, liver and kidney; g) triiodothyronine in the liver, kidney and brain; h) nephrectomy in the liver and brain ; i) high potassium, angiotensin II, sodium intake and nephrectomy in the adrenal gland; j) transgenic animals. Our results suggest that the expression of the renin and angiotensinogen genes are regulated in a tissue-specific manner.View full abstractDownload PDF (9852K) -
Tomohisa HATTORI, Mikio ITO, Yoshio SUZUKI1991 Volume 97 Issue 1 Pages 13-21
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was designed to clarify the antinephritic effects of the saikosaponins that are contained in Bupleurum falcatum L. crude saikosaponin at 1.0 mg and 5.0 mg/kg, i.p. prevented urinary protein excretion and elevation of serum cholesterol content on the 10th day after the injection of anti-GBM serum. Moreover, crude saikosaponin at 1.0 mg and 5.0 mg/kg, i.p. significantly inhibited histopathological changes such as hypercellularity and adhesion. On the other hand, saikosaponin a (5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and d (1.0 mg and 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) also prevented urinary protein excretion, elevation of serum cholesterol content, and histopathological changes. In the second study, to clarify the antinephritic mechanisms of saikosaponins on this model, we investigated the effect of saikosaponins on platelet aggregation, release of corticosterone and reactive oxygen species scavengers activity. Crude saikosaponin and saikosaponin d significantly inhibited the increase in platelet aggregation, and saikosaponin d enhanced the serum and intra-adrenal corticosterone levels. Crude saikosaponin and saikosaponin a inhibited the decrease in activity of scavengers (SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase). These results indicate that saikosaponins were effective on this model, and antinephritic mechanisms of saikosaponins were party due to anti-platelet, corticosterone releasing and enhancing action on the activity of reactive oxygen species scavengers.View full abstractDownload PDF (7499K) -
Tomoyuki YONETA, Hisayoshi KATO, Akihiko YOSHIDA, Masayuki OZEKI, Eiji ...1991 Volume 97 Issue 1 Pages 23-30
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the effects of CN-100 on the functions of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro. CN-100 showed the inhibitory effects of superoxide production and luminol dependent chemiluminescence induced by opsonized zymosan (OZ) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) in PMN, and its inhibitory activity was almost equipotent to that of indomethacin and more than that of pranoprofen. Preincubation of cytochalasin E-treated PMN with CN-100, indomethacin and pranoprofen resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of lysosomal enzyme release elicited by OZ or FMLP, but pranoprofen was less potent than CN-100 and indomethacin. CN-100 and indomethacin inhibited the increase of intracellular calcium in Furall loaded PMN stimulated by FMLP. The inhibitions by both agents were reversible. These findings indicated that the reversible interaction between CN-100 and PMN membrane inhibit signal transduction starting from intracellular calcium mobilization in PMN and suppress many PMN' s functions. These results suggest that CN-100 has an inhibitory activity on PMN function which is as potent as that of indomethacin.View full abstractDownload PDF (6379K) -
Katsushi YAMADA, Tatsuo FURUKAWA1991 Volume 97 Issue 1 Pages 31-39
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBehavioral effects of setiptiline, a new tetracyclic compound (1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-9H-dibenzo (3, 4 : 6, 7) cyclohepta (1, 2-C) pyridine maleate), were investigated to determine its pharmacological characteristics as an antidepressant in rats and mice, as compared with amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, and promethazine, a neuroleptic possessing an antihistaminic profile. Setiptiline exerted a weak stimulatory action on ambulation, spontaneous motoractivity, observed by the open field method in rats and potentiated the stimulatory effects of methamphetamine. Setiptiline also shortened the duration of immobility in rats forced to swim and inhibited catalepsy induced by haloperidol, yawning by physostigmine, body shaking as well as head twich by 5-hydroxytryptophan in combination with Ro4-4602 and body shaking by morphine-withdrawal in rats. On the other hand, the drug did not exhibit an antagonistic effect on the hypothermia produced by reserpine in mice. From the results, it is suggested that setiptiline seems to have antidepressive activities that are pharmacologically dissimilar to those of tricyclic antidepressants.View full abstractDownload PDF (7132K) -
Keiji NAKAGAMI, Megumi INAMURA, Yuji NAKANO, Yoshiro KOBAYASHI1991 Volume 97 Issue 1 Pages 41-49
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effect of liposome-r-h-SOD on the lung injury induced by Forssman antiserum in guinea pigs. Intravenous injection of Forssman antiserum produced a biphasic increase in pulmonary resistance in guinea pigs. Liposome-r-h-SOD blocked this biphasic increase in a dose-dependent manner. Exudate and hemorrhage in the alveolar spaces and connective tissues were blocked by liposomer-h-SOD. Liposome-r-h-SOD was more effective when it was injected 30 min prior to challenge than 5 min prior to challenge. On the other hand, free r-h-SOD or a mixture of free r-h-SOD and empty liposome did not block the lung injury. SOD activity in porcine endothelial cells cultured with liposome-r-h-SOD increased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, while it did not increase with free r-h-SOD. Exogenous SOD was detected by immunoperoxidase staining in endothelial cells of arterioles and capillaries and in alveolar epithelial cells of the lung of guinea pigs injected with liposomer-h-SOD. These findings suggest that superoxide radical may take part in the lung injury induced by Forssman antiserum. Liposome-r-h-SOD, which adheres to and/or is endocytosed by endothelial cells, may protect the lung from oxygen radicals.View full abstractDownload PDF (8400K)
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