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Volume 78 (1981)
- Issue 5-6 Pages 393-
- Issue 4 Pages 231-
- Issue 3 Pages 127-
- Issue 2 Pages 57-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 78, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Keita NAKAMURA, Yoshihito OZAWA1981Volume 78Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExploratory behavior can be considered a kind of positional behavior. The theory for the analysis of exploratory behavior by the presented method is based on the concept of the Markov process. The following parameters were used in this experiment; (I) frequency of visits to all the positions that are unit spaces expedient to the observation (N), (2) Entropy (HI), a measure of the spacial distribution of animal location, (3) Entropy (HII), a measure of the degree of disorder in movement direction, and (4) length of the longest path passed frequently (L), calculated by examining an upper confidence limit for a parameter of a binomial distribution. Both methamphetamine and diazepam increased N at lower doses, and increased L dose-relatedly. Methamphetamine decreased the values of HI and HII. Diazepam increased HI value while decreased HI value. These results indicate that the effect of methamphetamine on the exploratory behavior in mice is to narrow their behavior space and to make their movement pattern monotonus, back and forth within a small area (i.e. stereotyped behavior), and the effect of diazepam is to extend their behavior space and also simplify their movement pattern, going round and round over a wide area in the apparatus. The results of this experiment suggest that the present method is useful for analysis of exploratory behavior and a better understanding of the effects of psychotropic drugs.View full abstractDownload PDF (3760K) -
Saizo YANAURA, Tomokazu HOSOKAWA, Harumi KITAGAWA, Miwa MISAWA1981Volume 78Issue 1 Pages 9-16
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous paper, it was shown that the cough reflex was accompanied by a slight fall of systemic arterial pressure, tracheal constriction and tracheal vasodilatation. In the present study, tracheobronchial muscular and vascular tones during the cough reflex were investigated using the blood perfused canine tracheal and bronchial preparations in situ. The cough reflex was elicited with electrical stimulation of the membraneous wall mucosa of the upper trachea. In the blood perused tracheal preparation, a close intraarterial injection of atropine or bilateral vagotomy inhibited the tracheoconstriction but had no effect on the tracheal vasodilatation during the cough reflex. In the blood perfused bronchial preparation, electrical stimulation of the upper tracheal mucosa induced bronchial constriction but not bronchial vasodilatation. Lung inflation with air resulted in a bronchial vasodilatation and which persisted even after a close intraarterial infusion of atropine and benzonatate and after bilateral vagotomy. These findings indicate that the tracheobronchial constriction responses are primary reflex effects following coughing and the tracheobronchial vasodilatation responses are secondary reflex effects induced by increase in internal pressure of the respiratory tract.View full abstractDownload PDF (3449K) -
Saizo YANAURA, Hiroshi TAKEDA, Tomoo NISHIMURA, Miwa MISAWA1981Volume 78Issue 1 Pages 17-25
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of bromhexine on secretory activities of canine tracheal secretory cells with stimulated synthesis of acid glycoprotein (AGP) by pilocarpine 10-6M treatment and on behaviour of glycoprotein in these secretory cells were investigated histologically and histochemically. Following bromhexine treatment, the number of total glycoprotein-containing goblet cells (GC) remained unchanged. The numbers of AGP-containing and sulphated glycoprotein (SGP)-containing GC significantly decreased, while neutral glycoprotein (NGP)-containing GC significantly increased. The acinar inner diameter of the submucosal gland and the acinar inner diameter of this gland to wall ratio slightly increased. Thickness of the acinus and Reid index slightly decreased, concentration-dependently. AGP and SGP content in glandular cells decreased, while NGP content in these cells markedly increased. Bromhexine 10-5 and 10-4M treatment resulted in increased total saccharide and protein concentrations in the incubation fluid, whereas the agent significantly decreased N-acetylhexosamine, in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that while bromhexine does not stimulate secretory activities of GC, it does slightly stimulate the activities of the submucosal glands. Bromhexine markedly dissolves AGP in the granules of these secretory cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (4698K) -
Jun-ichi SUDO1981Volume 78Issue 1 Pages 27-44
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to investigate the peptidases which degrade peptide hormones, particularly angiotensin II (AII), in the isolated rat nephron segments. These peptidases include leucine aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase A, cystine aminopeptidase, “trypsin-like enzyme(s)”, “chymotrypsin-like enzyme(s)”, postproline cleaving enzyme, and converting enzyme. The metabolic ability of [3H]-AII in each nephron segment, was also studied. The activities of these peptidases were exclusively higher in proximal tubules than in other segments. In the proximal tubule, only “trypsin-like enzyme(s)” showed the highest activity in pars convoluta, however, the other peptidases showed the highest activities in pars recta. The activities of aminopeptidase A, “trypsin-like enzyme(s)”, and post-proline cleaving enzyme, were also high in the glomerulus. The activities of these peptidases were hardly detectable in distal nephron segments. From the investigation of the metabolic ability of [3H]-AII in each nephron segment, AII was found to be highly metabolized both in the glomerulus and in the proximal tubule, especially in the pars recta. AII was converted to angiotensin III (AIII) mainly in the glomerulus. All these findings suggest that peptide hormones including AII filtrated through the glomerulus are metabolized in the proximal tubule and that the conversion from AII to AIII occurs mainly in the glomerulus.View full abstractDownload PDF (8064K) -
Susumu OTOMO, Kimiyo TAKESHITA, Hisako KODA, Masahiro OHZEKI1981Volume 78Issue 1 Pages 45-56
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe value of D-penicillamine (D-PA) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is now well established, however, the mode of action remains obscure. We studied the effects of D-PA on the primary and secondary homocytotropic antibody formation with various doses, timing, quantity of antigen stimuli and stress loading in mice. Homocytotropic antibody was assayed by rat PCA (IgE) or mouse PCA (IgG1), and the effects were compared with those of the other antirheumatic drugs such as aurothiomalate and chloroquine diphosphate and the immunosuppressive agents such as hydrocortisone and cyclophosphamide. The antibody formation was slightly suppressed by D-PA under various conditions induced by different quantities of antigen stimuli, while the effects of the other antirheumatic drugs and the immunosuppressive agents on the primary and secondary responses differed from that of D-PA. Stress loading applied with oral consecutive administrations of saline for 3 weeks or by restraint with adhesive plaster from 3 days before the primary immunization reduced the antibody formation. D-PA restored the reduced IgE antibody formation after the secondary immunization and also weight of the spleen. These observations suggest that D-PA acts as an immunomodulating agent as the spleen weight and IgE antibody formation were recovered under conditions of induced stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (4872K)
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