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Volume 71, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 123-129
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3536K) -
Shigenori WATANABE, Yasuto MORIMOTO, Showa UEKI1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 131-146
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of various psychotropic drugs on tegmental and hypothalamic self-stimulation behavior in rats with chronically implanted electrodes in the brain were studied. Effects of electrical stimulation in several brain structures on self-stimulation behavior and influences of drugs on the stimulation effect were also investigated. The hypothalamic self-stimulation behavior was more markedly inhibited by chlorpromazine than the tegmental self-stimulation, whereas the latter was more strongly inhibited by diazepam. The effects of pentobarbital on the self-stimulation behavior were similar to those of diazepam. Methamphetamine facilitated both the tegmental and hypothalamic self-stimulation behavior. Suppressive effect of hypothalamic stimulation on the tegmental self-stimulation behavior was inhibited by chlorpromazine, while those of amygdaloid and septal stimulation were augmented. All the effects of hypothalamic, amygdaloid and septal stimulation on the tegmental self-stimulation behavior were inhibited by diazepam and pentobarbital, while these were facilitated by methamphetamine. Suppressive effects of tegmental, amygdaloid and septal stimulation on the hypothalamic self-stimulation behavior were all facilitated by both chlorpromazine and methamphetamine. The effects of amygdaloid and septal stimulation on this behavior were inhibited by diazepam and pentobarbital, while those of tegmental stimulation were enhanced. The effects of imipramine, in all experiments, were variable in each rat and not significant.View full abstractDownload PDF (7383K) -
Saizo YANAURA, Tomoo NISHIMURA, Tomokazu HOSOKAWA, Hiroaki IWASE1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 147-155
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe artificially induced cough reflex in experimental animals should necessarily be similar to the cough which occurs naturally in humans. The curve demonstrated during a cough of each patient with respiratory disease was characteristic. Compared with the curve of a cough-like reflex (CLR) induced by DMPP, the curve of a cough induced by electrical stimulation of the tracheal mucosa was similar to that of a cough in humans. In dogs and cats anesthetized with a-chloralose (80 ?? 100 mg/kg i.p.), the number of CLR with DMPP was dose dependent. Tachphylaxis did not occur despite repeated administration of DMPP. DMPP (5 ?? 10 μg/kg i.v.) did not affect airway resistance. CLR with DMPP was depressed not only by morphine, codeine, oxymethebanol, picoperidamine, piclobetol and hexacol but also by hexamethonium. Thus, it appears that the mechanism of CLR with DMPP is different from that in the cough reflex. This CLR may be utilized for determining the physiology of cough reflex and the site of action of antitussives.View full abstractDownload PDF (3971K) -
Saizo YANAURA, Eijiro TAGASHIRA1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 157-168
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhenobarbital, chordiazepoxide, diazepam and/or morphine were repeatedly administered to both male and female rats (N=10) for 4 ?? 6 weeks. The drug dose was gradully increased from 5 to 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg once daily (p.o.) at seven day intervals. In the case of morphine, the last dose was 40 mg/kg. The drugs were constantly withdrawn for 24 hr at 8 day intervals. None of the rats were given drugs for 16 days after administration of the last scheduled dose in order to recover their initial weight (Exp. I). Onset of dependence formation, decrease in body weight and food intake, days required to reach the maximum decrease in body weight and duration of withdrawal signs were observed throughout this experiment. The rats (drug dependence-experienced rats) who survived the first stage of this experiment were continuously subjected to re-administration by the same dasage schedule as in Exp. I (seven days of drug administration, 48 hr of withdrawal). The re-administered rats showed a more rapid onset of dependence formation and a longer duration of decrease in body weight during 16 days withdrawal than did the naive rats. It is concluded, that in addition to the decrease in body weight by withdrawal plus duration of the withdrawal signs, the onset of drug dependence formation is also a specific factor.View full abstractDownload PDF (5949K) -
Noriyasu KAYASHIMA, Toyoaki HAYAMA1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 169-173
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwelve dogs were administered oral threshold doses of copper sulfate every week. In 66 out of 85 cases, dogs vomited. One dog vomited in 1st and 2nd tests, but did not respond in the other 6 tests. Excluding this one, the reproducibility was 82%. The following method is thus proposed for application in evaluating an antiemetic for oral copper sulfate. Small dogs, weighing 7 ?? 14 kg, are to be kept in a constant condition during the quarantine and tests and given the emetic once a week. The threshold dose is determined in three dose levels ; 20, 40, 80 mg/head. The dogs with a threshold of more than 80 mg or latency of less than 5 min or of more than 45 min are to be excluded. Inhibition of emesis or a considerable prolongation of latency is the sign of an antiemetic action. A positive action of an antiemetic must be followed by another test with the threshold dose of copper sulfate alone. If the dog does not respond to the threshold dose after 2 administrations, the case must be excluded. To evaluate an antiemetic, at least 5 cases are needed. Inhibition of more than 50 % appears to be the positive response.View full abstractDownload PDF (2171K) -
Keun HUH, Heitaroh IWATA, Itaru YAMAMOTO1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 175-183
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between allopurinol oxidizing enzyme and aldehyde oxidase was investigated in mice. The oxidation of both N-methylnicotinamide and allopurinol appears to be catalized by a single enzyme, aldehyde oxidase (aldehyde-oxygen oxidoreductase EC, 1.2.3.1.). This conclusion is based on the following evidence ; The postnatal changes of allopurinol and N-methylnicotinamide oxidizing activities were very similar during growth and the levels of both activities increased in a parallel fashion upon the attainment of sexual maturity. The rates of loss of the activities of both enzymes by heat denaturation as well as dexamethasone administration were similar. The inhibitors of allopurinol oxidizing enzyme also suppressed N-methylnicotinamide oxidation. Competition of Nmethylnicotineamide and allopurinol for oxidation was demonstrated. The rate of increase of the activities in both enzymes was almost parallel during each step of the purification from mouse liver supernatant. It was ascertained that xanthine oxidase in the enzyme preparation does not influence allopurinol oxidation.View full abstractDownload PDF (4206K) -
Jiro NISHIHATA1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 185-194
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the spiral strips of pulmonary artery from rabbits, effects of the modified contents of Na and K in the bath solution (BS) (Locke solution) on the tonus and the contractile responses to K, noradrenaline (NA) and Ba were investigated in relation to Ca. Removal of Na from BS by replacing NaCl with LiCl accelerated the release and influx of Ca in a short time but inhibited both 40 min later. Increase of Na in BS inhibited both the Ca influx and the Ca release from the storage site of loosely-bound Ca without affecting that of tightly-bound Ca. Evidence was obtained suggesting that Na in BS plays an important role in the uptake of intracellular Ca to the storage site. Removal of K accelerated the release and the influx of Ca in a short time but inhibited both after a long time. Data obtained suggested that Na increase or K removal inhibited the binding of NA to the adrenergic receptor. A single application of high concentrations of K (followed by washout) to the normal BS was markedly effective in restoring the preparation from its decreased contractile responses to NA or Ba following a long exposure to the Na (-), Ca (-) or the K (-), Ca (-) BS. It was suggested that this restoring effect of K is due to excitation of the cell membrane and repletion of the depleted storage site of Ca.View full abstractDownload PDF (4831K) -
Tomitaro KITA, Taeko HATA, Ryozo YONEDA, Tazuko OKAGE1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 195-210
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExactly how the organic mechanism corresponds to variations of environmental temperature has not been clarified and for elucidation we reared mice and rats under the conditions of alterating rhythm in temperature (ART). Mice (or rats) were reared at a temperature of 24°C and 8°C (or -3°C) every hour continuously from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. and at 8°C (or -3°C) from 5 p. m. to the following 10 a. m.. Severe stress was evidenced in the animals and was termed specific ART-stress (SART-stress). In this type of stress, there was no apparent increase in body weight, respiration and heart rate were increased slightly and the QRS-time on the ECG was prolonged. ACh sensitivity of the isolated duodenum tested by the Magnus method in SART-stress mice was found to have declined considerably as compared to the normal. Histological observation of the SART-stress rats revealed that the wet weight of the spleen was lighter than that of the controls, while that of the lungs, heart, liver, stomach, kidneys and adrenal glands was close to that of control. Macroscopically, red brown spots on the lungs were visible. Ventricular hypertrophy, slight erosion and hyperemia were present in the interior of the stomach. On the galvanic skin response (GSR) test, electrical resistance of the skin of SART-stress rats was less than that of normal rats and the rate of increase of resistance caused by external stimulus was greater. Recovery time from change in GSR was shorter than in normal animals. Consequently, SART-stress appears to be a form of disease and sudden changes in temperature even in humans may contribute to this state.View full abstractDownload PDF (7789K) -
Tomitaro KITA, Taeko HATA, Tazuko OKAGE, Ryozo YONEDA, Kazuya HOSHINO1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 211-220
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reported previously that by altering the rhythm of environmental temperature (ART) the physiological mechanism was changed to an abnormal state which we termed specific ART-stress (SART-stress). In the present report, the effects of neurotropin and other tranquilizers on this SART-stress state were investigated. Neurotropin is an extract containing many conjugated polysaccarides isolated from the skin or tissues of rabbits which had been inoculated with the living cowpox virus. Neurotropin prevented the decrease in body weight of both mice and rats caused by the SART-stress. However, there was no such prevention when an extract isolated from vaccinia virus-uninjured, healthy rabbit skin was given. Chlorpromazine (Cp), reserpine (Rp), diazepam (DZ), imipramine or diphenhydramine gave no protection against the decrease in body weight, Slight increase in number and variation of respirations in SART-stress animals was to some extent prevented by neurotropin. Prolongation of the QRS interval was restored to control with the administration of the above mentioned drugs. Decrease in ACh sensitivity of the isolated duodenum tested by the Magnus-method was prevented by neurotropin. In the galvanic skin response test in rats, decrease in electric resistance on the skin, increase in reactivity and shortening of reaction time caused by SART-stress was prevented to the greatest extent by neurotropin and also to a considerable degree by parenteral administration of DZ or -hydroxy γ-aminobutyric acid (GABOB), the effective results of the drugs being : Neurotropin, DZ, GABOB in that order. Cp and Rp, major tranquilizers were found to be the least effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (4936K) -
Fumio TAKENAKA, Shigeyuki SHINTANI, Takafumi ISHIHARA, Makie HIGUCHI, ...1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 221-230
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy) propoxy-3, 4-dihydrocarbostyril hydrochloride (OPC-1085), on the coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism were investigated in anesthetized open-chest dogs and isolated perfused dog hearts. In anesthetized open-chest dogs, OPC-1085 antagonized the responses to isoproterenol of heart rate, Vmax, mean blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, coronary blood flow and redox potential. The antagonistic potency of OPC-1085 was stronger than that of propranolol. OPC-1085 3 to 30 μg/kg caused appreciable decreases, but in doses of 100 to 1, 000 μg/kg caused increases in heart rate and Vmax. The effect of OPC-1085 on max dp/dt was similar to that on Vmax. However, propranolol 3 to 3, 000 μg/kg caused only decreases in heart rate, Vmax and max dp/dt. OPC-1085 3, 10 μg/kg while propranolol 30, 100 μg/kg caused a fall in myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow. In isolated perfused hearts, intracoronary injection of OPC-1085 0.1 mg almost completely suppressed isoproterenol-induced augmentation of heart rate, myocardial contractile force and coronary blood flow and reduction of redox potential. OPC-1085 0.1 mg caused slight increases in heart rate, myocardial contractile force and myocardial oxygen consumption. It is concluded that OPC-1085 is a more potent beta-adrenergic blocking agent than propranolol and possesses a weak negative inotropic effect in doses of 3 to 30 μg/kg and a intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in doses of 100 to 1, 000 μg/kg.View full abstractDownload PDF (4753K) -
Nobuyuki OKADA, Yutaka OKAZAKI, Ikuo WADA, Yasuhito TANAKA, Tamotsu FU ...1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 231-252
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anti-inflammatory activity and the other pharmacological properties of MS-1112, a new steroid compound, were examined and compared with other glucocorticoid analogues such as hydrocortisone acetate (Hydr), betamethasone 17-valerate (Val) and dexamethasone (Dexa). Systemically administered MS-1112 and glucocorticoids had a significant effect in inhibiting rat paw edema induced by various phlogistic stimulations and increasing vascular permeabilities and granuloma formation by cotton pellet or granuloma pouch. The order of those inhibiting activity was, in general, Dexa>MS-1112>Val>Hydr. Concomitantly, Xthymolysis and adrenal weight suppression and reduced rate of body weight gain after multiple systemical administration were also observed. Locally administered MS-1112 caused an inhibiting activity, without systemic side-effects. This activity was approximately 3 to 5 times more potent than that of Dexa in rat carrageenin paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma. MS-1112 was less active than Dexa in glycogen liver deposition activity and in the depression of plasma level of corticosterone but more active than Val and Hydr. In the dose administered, MS-1112 had neither androgenic and anabolic nor estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity. From this data, it is concluded that MS-1112 is a very potent agent applicable regarding permeability and retention of steroids in a local site.View full abstractDownload PDF (10031K) -
Yoshinori IMAIZUMI, Naohisa SAITO, Nobuyuki OKADA, Zen-ich HENMI1975 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 253-261
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anti-inflammatory activity of MS-1112, a new steroid compound, after topical application and systemical administration was examined by means of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice and compared with other glucocorticoid analogues, betamethasone-17-valerate (Val), dexamethasone (Dexa) and betamethasone (Beta). In the case of pretreatment and therapeutic effect, topically applied MS-1112 was most active in inhibiting the delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by picryl chloride. The order of those inhibitory activities of MS-1112 and Val was ointment>cream>gel. In contrast to MS-1112 and Val, inhibitory action of Dexa was slow in onset after the topical application. It appears that esterification of the 17-hydroxyl group increases the anti-inflammatory activity after topical application. While systemically administered, MS-1112 was more potent than Val, and similarly potent to Beta, but was less active than Dexa. From the above results, it may be considered that topically applied MS-1112 is superior to other glucocorticoids in the percutaneous penetration and retention in the skin. MS-1112 is thus considered to be a very potent agent as a dermatocorticoid.View full abstractDownload PDF (4082K)
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