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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 9, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Tesshin OTSUBO1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 3-5
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
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Toshio ISOBE, Tokio SHIDA1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 6-14
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is to report on the study on the suitability of refractries for the lining of aluminium holding furnance. In this investigation, it was found that high alumina brick presented the best result. It was decided, as the result, the high alumina brick with the following properties is to be used for the actual operation.
1. Chemical analysis
SiO2 6.5%
Al2O3 90.7%
Fe2O3 1.9%
TiO2 0.9%
2. Reacted with molten alminium, and the content of SiO2 is slightly reduced.
3. Slightly attacked by molten fluoride.
4. The spalling test by rapid heating and cooling alternately more than 15 times.
5. Correlative abrasion with alminium ingot 0.02g/100rev.
6. Compressive strength 734kg/cm2
7. Apparent porosity 24.0%
8. Water adsorption 8.4%
9. Modulus of elasticity 5932kg/mm2
10. Apparent density 3.8
11. Thermal expansion (showed in Fig. 10)
12. Water diffusion coefficient in the natural drying condition 0.0001m2/day
13. Water diffusion coefficient in the forced drying condition 0.0024m2/day
In case of lining furnace with this high alumina brick, the binder between the bricks should be half melted at 850°C, which is the finishing temperature of the furnace baking, and should be solidified at 750°C, the operating temperature of the furnace. Considering with this factor, special mortar of the following composition is to be used:
Fused alumina in powder state 71.5%
As best fiver 1.5%
Sodium silico-fluoride 12.0%
Soluble glass 15.0%
Water operating amount
The furnace is reached to the operating condition without any trouble, when the above mentioned brick and mortar are used and the temperature of the furnace is raised in accordance with the temperature raising program. In this case the water content in bricks and the elongation of bricks took place during heating should be taken into consideration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1090K) -
Isamu IGARASHI, Tamotu IGARASHI1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 15-22
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe recrystallization of Al-Ag and Al-Cu alloys was previously reported on. This is to report on the study on recrystallization of such alloys as Al-Zn, Al-Mg, Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Cd, Al-Ni, Al-Sb and Al-Pb carried out by the same method as in the previous study.
In case of Zn or Ni alloying element, the recrystallization temperature of aluminium gets slightly lowered, and in case of Mg, Cr or Cd, the temperature elevates a little, and Mn elevates it highly, Sb and Pb alloying, the recrystallization temperature of aluminium is kept wnchanged.
Three different types of recrystallization are found in X-ray photograph:
(1) Many small spots come outand gradually grow up while the numbers of them are lessened; (2) Stressed spots gradually become sharp ones; (3) Few spots appear and rapidly grow up.View full abstractDownload PDF (1643K) -
Relation betweer the caating structure and the recrystallized structure in 3S alloyTakashi IKENO, Kizo SHIBATA1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 23-28
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is the report on the study of the relation between the structure of 3S alloy as cast and that after recrystalized and the difference between the grain size in 3S sheet rolled from ingot non-pre-heated and that pre-heated. The findings obtained from the above-mentioned study are as follows:
(1) The hardness of the sheet before and after annealing is, regardless of the change in casting structures, almost unchanged, while in the case that it is pre-heated, the hardness after annealing is always lower.
(2) When preheated, the distribution of compounds were un-homogenized, while the compounds are changed into spheroidal particles. This phenomenon takes place more remarkably and quickly as the grain structure of ingot is finer.
(3) In case of slowly cooled ingot, the recrystalized grains does not change much when it is rolled, regardless of preheating, while in case of rapidly cooled ingot, if it is preheated, the grains becomes finer in outer part where the crystal is columner, and coarser in inner part where the crystal is granular. The pre-heating affects little the part of columnar crystal but much the part of granular crystal.
(4) Grain size of slowly cooled ingot becomes coarser when preheated, while that of rapidly cooled ingot becomes finer.View full abstractDownload PDF (3068K) -
On the casting strainTorao KOBAYASHI1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 29-37
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy useing the wooden pattern of specimen as shown in Fig. 1, casting strain has been investigated on the following items:-
1. Effects of casting conditions on casting strain in some kinds of commercial Al casting allys.
2. Releasing casting strain of those alloys by heat treatment.
3. Relationship between casting strain and composition of five kinds of Al binary alloys and three kinds of Cu binary alloys.
The following general relations were observed:-
(a) Casting strain of pure metal Al and Cu is very little.
(b) Within the range of α solid solution, casting strain increases in a progressive, straight line as quantity of other elements increases.
(c) Maximum value of casting strain is obtainable at the adjacent point of limit of maximum solubility of constituent, and the value gets decreased as the segregated secondary phase is increased.
(d) The value of casting strain becomes minimum in the neighborhood of eutectic and eutectoid constituent.
(e) Constituent which has maximum and minimum value of casting strain appreciably shifts to the side of α solid solution, according to the degree of segregation at the solidification of each alloy.
(f) Degree of casting strain of Al binary alloys is not always proportional to modulus of elasticity at room temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (1269K) -
Takakado NAKAYAMA1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 38-54
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the electropolishing operation under suitable conditions, it is always seen that very thin anodic film exist all over the surface of the anode. this fact is confirmed by weighing the film with a balance and can also be known by measuring the concentration of colour shade dyed on the surface of the film or by the shape of A. C. -wave of oscillograph. In view of the anodic current efficiency being within a range of 90∼100%, it can be presume that the anodic film is grown inward in proportion to the amount of electricity used, and at the same time the film dissolve into electrolyte. In this case, as the rates of growth and dissolution of the film are almost balanced, the electropolishing is carried out. This has already been mentioned in the writer's “Patent No. 190520, 1949.
In this process, the vibration given to the anode serves as follows:
1. To prevent the gas bubbles sticking on the surface of anode, which make the electrolytic action not uniformed.
2. To prevent the anode being partially overheated.
The vibration thus makes the anode brightly, uniformly and smoothly polished.View full abstractDownload PDF (2744K) -
The prelimanary testing on the anti-corrosion on the surface treatment during a year in the case of white dry wineTakuichi MORINAGA, Shigeo ZAIMA, Motoo KAGAMI1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 55-58
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is already known from the study on anti-corrosive property of aluminium alloys against wines that the alloy is seriously attacked by wines. To materialize the practical use of aluminium in wine industry, it is essential to make such special treatment as, for example, protection of alloys by making cirtain film on its surface, development of new alloy with strong anti-corrosive property, use of agent to be added into wined for stopping the corrosive reaction of win, etc.
This is a report on the experiment on the effect of anti-corrosive property of surface treatment to aluminium alloy against white wine, which has been continuously carried out for one year.
The applied surface treatment methods are “Alumilite”, the “MBV” and the “Alodine”. In each method, the protictive film was attacked by white wine, when the material was kept touched for long time. But, in case of “Alodine” and “MBV” methods, the corrosion was not so hard as in the “Alumilite” method. The flaver and palate were deteriolated particularily in the “Alodine” method.
By this prelimeinary testing, hovever, it was found that the Alumilite method and MBV method could be possible to be utilized in practice, if some improvement is developed for them in future.View full abstractDownload PDF (518K) -
An experimental study on the aging of aluminium alloy by means of specific volume analysis…Report in continuationTakuichi MORINAGA, Shigeo ZAIMA, Yasuo TAKEMURA1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 59-66
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the survey on the change of spesific volume makes it possible to analyse the change which takes place inside the material, this method was tried to examine the aging phenomenon of aluminium alloys, as a method in industrial operation. As the resultof this study, it was found that this method can be successfully used for this purpose.
10 sorts of specimens such as 1S, 2S, 3S, 17S etc., on which the change in specific volume had already been known by previous study, were applied for this experiment, where in the tempered aging was made for them under the increasing temperature from 20°C to 400°C. The change in vickers hardness and knoop hardness under different temperature were measured and the relation between change in hardness and specific volume analysis was studied.
As the result of the experiment, the specific volume analysis was quit reliable as a method for examining the aging in aluminium alloys. The result was also carefully studied from the viewpoint of the knoop ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (958K) -
On enamelling process with lead-base fritMunetoshi ISHIHARA, Fumio MOCHIZUKI, Yukio KAWARAZAKI1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 67-73
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vitreous enamelling of aluminium is a relatively new application and there are still many problems to be solved.
This is to report on the various conditions applied to the enamelling of aluminium with a lead-base enamel coating.
In this experiment, aluminium alloy sheets, which had been directly white-cover-coated and fired at 530°C, were used.
Findings are as follows:
(1) 2S and 3S alloy sheets require only cleaning prior to the enamelling. But in case of using old slips, the sheets should be prefired after cleaning, or pre-treated so as to prevent from formation of bubbles or pin-holes on the surface of enamel coating.
(2) From the view point of anti-exfoliation, 52S alloy sheet should inevitably be cleaned and pretreated before enamelled.
The oxide film formed on 52S alloy sheet by anodizing with water glass solution gives the sheet high resistance against the accelerated exfoliation test and makes its color effect better.
(3) To give the nice whiteness to the white-cover-coat in practice, it is recommended to add titanium oxide as muuch as 15 parts against 100 parts of frit.
(4) In case the objects are fired for unnecessarily long time, their whiteness is spoiled and the enamel gets easily exfoliated. The firing should, therefore, be made for the shortest necessary time to obtain the desirable luster.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
Makoto TSUKUDA1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 74-86,66
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a study on alloying method in adding zirconium to magnesium and its alloys, by use of ZrCl4, ZrCl4+KCl, ZrCl4+KCl+NaCl, Mg-Zr master alloy and ZrCl4+alkali metal haloids. Regarding alloying efficiency, no difference was found between thesealloying agents. But, it was found that Mg-Zr master alloy and ZrCl4+KCl+NaCl were better than others in practice, due to the fact that they made less chloride contamination in magnesium alloy castings.
Zirconium alloying agents should be added while the molten alloy remained at low temperature, in order to minimize iron, which inhibits the alloying zirconium, soluting into magnesium from steel crucible.
The content of zirconium and rare earth metals get decreased as the magnesium alloy containing them is repeatedly remelted, it is therefore, necessary to vivify the zirconium content. In this operation, the use of ZrCl4 decreases the content of rare earth metals in the alloy, while Mg-Zr master alloy, ZrCl4+(RE) Cl3, ZrCl4+NaF, or ZrCl4+MgO can minimize the loss of rare earth metals.View full abstractDownload PDF (2274K) -
Buntaro OTANI1959 Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 87-102
Published: March 31, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnder the subject of “Porocity of aluminium and its alloys, ” many reports of researches and experiments in laboratories have already been published in various publications. It ia, however, quite significant and necessary for obtaining a particular result in actual operation at foundry to make a thorough going study on the porocity and various factors, which make the porocity in castings. This is to report on what the writer has studied on the porocity under the following captions:
1. Proceeding of reearch on the porocity for past years.
2. Solution of gas problems and degassing process.
3. Shriukage porocity
4. Mould reaction
5. Grain refinement
6. Reation between mechanical properties and air-tightness
7. Controling and manegement in foundry.
8. Special melting and casting meshod.View full abstractDownload PDF (3705K)
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