For the study of the growth of the spinal cord on 287 fetus (3-10months) and 125 infants (new born-3 years) the followingmeasurements wers made:
Height of caudal end of spinal cord projected to the vertebral column.
Length of spinal cord from upper border of atlas to caudal end ofmedullary cone.
Maximum sagittal diameter of spinal cord at lumbar enlargement.
Minimum sagittal diameter of the thoracic cord.
Standing height from crown to hill.
Sitting height from crown to rump.
Length of vertebral column from uppermargin of atlas to lower end of coccyx.
The standards by which the age of the fetus was estimated are as follows:
The standards by which the age of the infant was estimated, are:
male female
495mm. 485mm. by standing height-at birth
The conclusions are as follows:
1) In the early stage of embryo the caudal end of the spinal cord is located at the lower part of the spinal canal, and as development proceeds, it gradually moves upwards, so that at the end of the 10th month it reaches the level of the third lumbar vertebra.
The degree and speed of changes vary at different stages of embryonic life.
The levels of the caudal ends of the spinal cords of the fetuses studied are at the fourth sacral vertebra in the third month, at the third in the third and half, at the second in the fourth, at the fifth lumbar vertebra in the fourth and half, at the fourth in the sixth to seventh and half and at third in the eightth to tenth month of embryonic life. The level of the caudal end varies very from case to case and the variation is comparatively wide; there are no recognisable racial differences between Koreans and Japanese.
2) In the infants, the upper limit of the caudal end is at the level of the first lumbar intervertebral disc, the lower at the fourth lumbar vertebra ; the greatest numbers (76.8%) come between the second intervertebral disc and the third lumbar vertebra.
The details are as follows:
3) In our embryos and fetus the lengths of the spinal cord areasfollows:
This length increases as development proceeds, the rate of monthly increase varies greatly. However the rates of growth of spinal cord, length of vertebral column, sitting and standing height and sagittal diameter are large in the early embryonic stage and decrease gradually with the increase of months. During the second half of fetal life it decreases very slowly, or remains stationary.
4) In the infants the lengths of the spinal cord are as follows:
The rates of growth in length of the vertebral column and the sitting and standing heights decrease gradually as the age increases, but the rate of growth is stationary.
5) The maximum sagittal diameters of the spinal cord of the embryo and fetus are:
and the minimum diameters are:
In the infants, the maximum sagittal diameters of the spinal cord are:
and the minimum sagittal diameters are:
Both measures increase gradually as the age proceeds.
6) The relative growth rate of spinal cord length and sagittal diameter decreases gradually from 5.6% in the third month to 3.7% in the tenth month of fetal life; and from 3.6% in the first month to 3.7% at the end of the third year of life.
7) The relative length of the spinal cord to the standing height is approximately 100:56 in the fetus and 100:35 in the infant.
8) The relative length of the spinal cord to the sitting height is approximately 100:50 in both prenatal and post-natal stage.
9) The relative length of the spinal cord to that of vertebral column is approximately 100: 80 in fetal life and about 100:72 in the infant.
10) The relative maximum sagittal diameter to the length of the spinal cord is approximately 100:3.9 in the fetus and about 100:3.5 in the infant.
11) The relative minimum to maximum sagittal diameter of the spinal cord is about 100:63 in prenatal and 100:62 in post-natal life.

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1. The lunate sulcus is present in 69 Japanese brains among 90, in 101 hemispheres among 180; the percentage is 76.7 for individuals, 56.1 for hemispheres.
2. As for the side of the appearance of the lunate, the left side (25 among 90 individuals, 27.7%) is far more frequent than the right (12, 13.3%). Among 101 hemispheres with the lunate sulcus 57 are left (56.4%), 44 are right (43.5%) As for the sexual difference the lunate sulcus is present more frequent in the female brain (17 among 24 hemispheres, 70.8%).
3. The site of the lunate sulcus is on the same hight with the occipital pole (66.3%), when it deviates, it is more frequent lower (28.7 %) than higher (5.4%).
4. The form of the lunate sulcus is almost half circle in 50.4%(type I-V), the others (type VI-XI) are more flat or bent down, the chord of the arc runs almost always from up and medial to down lateral.
5. The greatest distance from the occipital pol to the lunate sulcus is 2.6-3.5cm long in total, it is longer (3.1-3.5cm) by the half circle form, shorter (2.6-3.0cm) by the flat form.
6. The depth of the lunate sulcus is pretty deep, it's length is 3.1-5.0cm.
7. The situations of the lunate sulcus is up and lateral to the outer part of the retrocalcarine sulcus, except this retrocalcarine the upper and lower occipital sulci are surrounded by the arc of the lunate. A part of the upper occipital may situate out of the arc, the lateral occipital comes always lateral and out of the lunate.
8. The retrocalcarine sulcus is present in 135 among 180 hemispheres, its prolongation to the lateral side is observed in 88 among 135. The lunate sulcus comes in 61 among these 88, the remaining 40 hemispheres with the lunate are without retrocalcarine.
9. As for the anastomosing sulcus with lunate the upper occipital is more frequent than the lower occipital. The number of the anastomose is one in 45.5% among lunate hemispheres. The site of the anastomose is at the middle part of the sulcus, less frequent at the lower end and scanty at the upper end.
10. The lunate sulcus is almost always accompanied by the prelunate, , the number of the latter is one, less frequently two. Except this prelunate there are 2 or 3 collateral short accompanying sulci.
11. The dimensions of the cuneus on the medial surface are inclined to be a little broader by the lunate specimens. The angles between the calcarine and parieto-occipital sulci oscilate between 70° and 89°. It seems that there is no correlative relation between this angle and lunate.
12. By the lunate specimens are the intraparietal sulci not straight and run nearer to the mantle rim. At their caudal end the medial branch of the transverse occipital sulcus is longer than the lateral.
13. When a circumscript elevation on the outer surface of the occipital lobe may be called as operculum, there are 126 examples among 180 hemispheres. In the 101 lunate specimens there are 55 distinct, 24 not so much distinct operculum, 79 in total.
14. The sulci which limit the operculum at the upper margin are almost always the transverse occipital, at the lateral margin are the lunate, and when the latter deficient the lateral occipital.
15. The lateral occipital sulcus is distinct in 168 among 180 hemispheres, and when the lunate is present it lies always medial to the lateral occipital and horizontal. The anastmosis with the lateral occipital comes to the temporalis medius frequently (62 among 180).
16. The upper and lower occipital sulci are less marked by the lunate brains.

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The following is a report on a case of Meckel's diverticulitis which was misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis as the preoperative findings seemed to be typical of this condition.
At operation a blind tube about 6 cms. long was found approximately 40 cms. above the ileo-caecal junction; the walls were thin about the same as those of the ileum at the same level. The posterior wall a little proximal to the centre of the diverticulum showed much pathological change, inflammatory, suppurative and having a perforation about the size of a grain of rice. The mucous membrane was denuded and then was much oedematic with round cell infiltration of the whole wall. Especially remarkable was the fact that the diseased posterior part of the Meckel's divericulum was attached to the serous membrane covering the pancreas; this may be explained by the close proximity of the intestinal canal and pancreas during embryological development.
Operative procedure was as follows; the ileum, as far as 20 cms. from the location of the diverticulum, was removed. Then the cut ends were sewn together by a side anastomosis in the orthodox way. It was important to remove the ileum immediately above and below the diverticulum in order to prevent the possibility of tumor formation in the future, since the diverticulum was an abnormal embryological structure.
The rest of the ileum was found to be healthy, but a little above and to inner side of McBurney's point some local peritonitis and a little pus was found.
Case of primary Meckel's diverticulitis with perforation is rather rare.

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