1) Unitary discharges in the efferent ciliary nerves were studied in rabbits anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and immobilized with d-tubocurarine. In all of them, cervical sympathetic nerves were cut on both sides. The units were recorded monopolarly with a silver wire of about 200μm in diameter.
2) In all, 207 units were studied and 206 out of these were categorized into the following 4 types from their responses to photic and other stimuli; that is, type A (109 units), type B (35 units), type C (59 units) and type L (3 units). The remaining 1 unit did not belong to any of these 4 types.
3) Type A units were characterized by exhibiting excitation (increase in firing rate) in response to ipsilateral eye illumination. The excitation was luminance dependent. Sciatic nerve stimulation resulted in inhibition (decrease in firing rate) of these units. Type A units were further classified into the following sub-types according to their responses to contralateral eye illumination; that is, AI (excitation), AII (no change) and AIII (inhibition). It was inferred that type A units were functionally related to active pupillary constriction.
4) Type B units were characterized by showing inhibition in response to ipsilateral and/or contralateral eye illumination without exception. Thus their behavior to photic stimulation was evidently contrary to that of type A units. It was therefore assumed that type B units were concerned with active pupillary dilatation. They responded also to sound or tactile stimulus by excitation.
5) Type C and L units were characterized by their being not responsive to photic stimulus. Instead, these responded to electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve while those to other stimuli such as tactile stimulus. It was considered that the changes in type C units were brought through trigenimal tract reflex. On the other hand, the present experiments did not permit any inference as to the functional significance of type L units.
6) One unit responded to ipsilateral and contralateral eye illumination by inhibition and excitation, respectively. Obviously therefore, the response pattern was exactly the reverse of that of type AIII units.

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Recently, interesting reports on the relation between cAMP levels of the cells and the immune response have been presented. This time the author studied on the cAMP levels of lymphocytes (lymphnode, spleen and thymus) in the guinea pig and the effect of the addition of isopreterenol and theophyllin.
The lymphocyte suspension was prepared from lymphnode, spleen and thymus of the guinea pig and the distribution percent of T-cells and B-cells was counted with the technique of RRBC (rabbit red blood cell)-rosette formation and EAC-rosette formation. T-cells were isolated from lymphnode cell suspension passing through glass wool column and they were further purified with twice passage through nylon wool column.
The summarized results indicated that cAMP levels in lymphnode, spleen and thymus cell suspension generaly increased about 135-230 percent by the addition of isopreterenol, theophyllin and the combination of both compared to control, but any increase of cAMP level was not observed in the case of purified T-cells of lymphnode origin.

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So-called “intermediate coronary syndrome”(IMCS) was studied from various standpoints, as described below.
1) Cases were classified into 4 groups:(a) acute myocardial infarction (MI) 155 cases, (b) IMCS 26 cases, in which infarction-like anginal pain continued more than 15 minutes, but ECG criteria were not satisfied, (c) angina pectoris at rest, 17 cases, in which attacks continued more than 30 minutes, but chest pain was not so severe, and (d) ordinary angina pectoris, 107 cases, which includes angina of effort and angina at rest with chest pain of shorter duration.
The incidence of minor ECG changes of MI, such as deep Q alone or inverted coronary T alone, in IMCS was statistically higher than those in ordinary angina. Cases with later developed MI showed Q wave in the previous ECG more frequently than those without development of MI. Incidence of minor ECG changes in resting angina was lower than IMCS but significantly higher than ordinary angina.
2) In order to examine the differences in ECG interpretation among electrocardiographers, 18 heart specialists were asked to interprete 50 ECG showing possible MI. Of 50 ECGs, 14 ECG were interpreted as MI by 18 cardiologists, and 7 by 17 cardiologists.
The cases, which were diagnosed as MI by more than 15 of 18 cardiologists, were diagnosed as MI also by electronic computer using our interpretation logics. In the cases, in which cardiologist's evaluation was diverse, exhibited the minor ECG findings of MI.
3) Of 67 cases autopsied during the period of this investigation, including various kinds of diseases, 27 had infarcted area larger than 2×3cm. Twenty of them were diagnosed as MI clinically, and 7. were overlooked. Six of 7 cases had the minor change in ECG. In all of 20 cases, in which diagnosis of MI was made clinically, the infarction larger than 2×3cm was proved. Infarction of smaller size was found in 6 cases, and 2 of them showed minor ECG change of MI.
In conclusion, the ECG findings of IMCS does not satisfy the criteria for MI, but minor changes were observed in not a few cases. These minor changes can be regarded as remains of old infarction from the autoptical studies. It is appropriate to alleviate the ECG criteria for MI, especially for old one.

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Diagnosis of pericardial effusion by radioisotope heart pool scanning based on the difference between the scintigrams and roentgenograms was discussed. Radioisotope cardiography was performed in total 134 cases for the past 5 years in our department. Among them, 18 cases in which pericardial effusion exactly were noted, were selected for this study. 4 of them were examined by autopsy and others by cardiocentesis and/or ECG and/or venous hypertension and/or the presence of paradoxical pulse and/or clinical X-ray findings. The scintigrams of these 18 cases were piled on their X-ray photos obtained by using a quadrisectional radiography deviced by the author, and the difference between the two figures was examined. i. g. Transverse diameter of the cardiac shadow on the X-ray photos (X) and the scintigram (S) and differences in the right cardiac border (r) and left cardiac border (l) between the scintigrams and X-ray photos, were measured.
Provided that the liminal value was 82 or 83% for cardiac transverse ratio (S/X ratio) and l value was limited to 7mm, these differences were distinctly noted except for 1-2 cases. Accordingly, if these value for the evaluation of pericardial effusion, this kind of disorder could be diagnosed with the higher rate ofapproximately 97%. Moreover, the piling trend was noted in the distributions of pericardial effusion and non-effusion cases, with respect to the individual r-value, however, the two distributions were completely distinguished by combining the two values. Therefore, a extremely high diagnose rate was available by using the decided value made by the combination of r-value and l-value. The diagnosis of pericardial effusion using radioisotope cadiography was demonstrated to be unexpectedely excellent, and more, it was concluded that this method will be sufficiently useful as a detecting method for pericardial effusion because no pain was given to patients.

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Effects of blood pH on the kinin system were studied fundamentally and clinically. Bradykinin was measured by bioassay of Miyanaga's method, and bradykininase was measured by bioassay of Streeten's method. Fundamental study showed that bradykinin recovery was 2.5 times higher in rabbits of acidosis than in rabbits of normal condition. However, there was not a significant difference in bradykinin recovery between rabbits of alkalosis and normal rabbits. Bradykininase in rabbits of acidosis was dropping, but in rabbits of al kalosis was slightly elevating. These facts suggest that bradykinin is very sensitive even to a little fluctuation of pH in the blood, but bradykininase might be hardly influenced even by pH of 7.0 in the blood. On the other hand, from the clinical point of view, the patients with Behcet disease were found to be acidosis, and bradykinin activity was slightly high, but bradykininase activity was low.
In patients with diabets mellitus, there was not a significant differences between activities of bradykinin or bradykininase, and pH. In patients with myocardial infarction with strong acidosis, values of both bradykinin and bradykininase were high.

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1) Intracellular recordings were carried out in hippocampal pyramidal cells of infant rabbits immobilized with D-tubocurarine under local anesthesia.
2) Before reaching around the 10th post-natal day, no IRs (excessive, prolonged depolarizations with a strong tendency of spike inactivation) were observed. However, complex spikes, pseudo-DAPs and fast pre-potentials were shown to exist. All of these potentials were considered by some authors as originating in the dendrites of adult animals.
3) After reaching around the 10th post-natal day, IRs began to appear. IRs are also thought by some authors as originating in the dendrites of adult animals.
4) Based on the above three results, the relationship between the electrical phenomena of the dendrites and the maturation of the pyramidal cell has been discussed.

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