A new system for 3-dimensional angiography, named “Rotational stereo digital angiography” (RSDA), was applied to 36 patients with neurosurgical lesions. This system consists of a new rotating X-ray apparatus and a digital processor, and accumulates 144 projectional images in 2.2 seconds during a 180 degree transverse rotation of the X-ray device. These images are digitally processed and displayed on two CRT's at 5 different degrees so that a rotating image of the angiogram is observed.
Thirteen cerebral aneurysms, 16 brain and skull tumors, and 7 other neurosurgical lesions were examined with this system and compared with conventional angiography. The aneurysms were examined to 1) identify the aneurysm, 2) demonstrate the shape of the aneurysm, 3) demonstrate the aneurysmal neck, and 4) illustrate the relationship between the aneurysm and the mother vessels. The tumors were examined to 1) demonstrate the tumor stain, 2) identify the feeding arteries, 3) identify the draining veins, and 4) illustrate the relationship between the lesion and the major vessels. Similarly, 1) demonstration of the lesion, and 2) illustration of the relationship between the lesion and the major vessels were examined for other lesions. Thefi ndings in RSDA and conventional angiography were classified into -, ±, +, or ++ with regard to the readiness to the aspects described above. They were then statistically compared.
According to the statistic analysis, RSDA is significantly more illustrative for aneurysms than conventional angiography. For tumors and for other lesions, there was no significant difference between RSDA and conventional angiography. These results indicate the usefulness of RDSA in the field of neurosurgery.

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To investigate the effect of benzene on murine splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, we exposed C57BL/6mice to benzene for 28 days. Benzene exposure via drinking water at doses of 27 and 154mg/kg/day yielded the following results. 1) A decrease of spleen cell number was detected on the 14th day of benzene exposure at 154 mg/kg/day, and on the 21st and 28th day of exposure at both 27mg/kg/day and 154mg/kg/day. 2) NK activity per viable spleen cell was temporarily enhanced on the 21st day of exposure at doses of 27 and 154mg/kg/day, thereafter returned to control levels. 3) IL-2 production was inhibited after 28 days of benzene exposure at 27 and 154mg/kg/day. After ending exposure at doses of 27 mg/kg/day for 28 days, the decreased spleen cell number began to return to control levels from the 14th day on, and reduced IL-2 production returned to control levels. These results suggest that, NK cells are resistant to benzene toxicity, while IL-2 producing cells are sensitive. Thus, an imbalance in immune system was caused by toxic benzene action.

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In orther to investigate urinary dysfunction in lumbar disease from the point of view of autonomic dysfunction, urodynamic examinations and sympathetic skin responses (SSR) were evaluated in patients with lumbar diseases. Cystometry and uroflowmetry were performed as urodynamic examinations on 40 patients with lumbar diseases including intervertebral disc herniation (IDH), spinal canal stenosis (SCS), and spondilolisthesis with spondilolysis. SSR of the feet were recorded in 6 healthy men, as controls, and in 10 patients with IDH; The latencies and amplitudes of SSR were compared. Eighty percent of the patients showed some abnormality in the urodynamic examinations that indicated an occult neurogenic bladder. Also, the mean and maximal amplitudes were significantly lower in the patients with IDH than in the controls (p<0.01). While the occurrence of a neurogenic bladder was considered to be a parasympathetic dysfunction, abnormalities in SSR were considered to be sympathetic dysfunctions. It was therefore considered that autonomic dysfunction was present in the bladder and lower extremities of patients with lumbar diseases.

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We studied a spatial and quantitative analysis of QRS and T waves by Frank-lead orthogonal electrocardiography (afterwards; ECG) in 50 cases of normal newborns, 30 cases of infants, 50 cases of adults, and also the variation in age was investigated.
In the newborns, the comparative study was made serially, longitudinally in 21 infants with an early clamping of the cord and 29 infants with a late clamping of the cord. The results are mainly as follows.
1) The parameters reflecting the cardiac electromotive force of the right ventricle such as Sx, Qz and Sx + Qz decreased with aging.
2) Rx, i. e., the maximum leftward projection of QRS vector increased until the children, probably because the left ventricle was dominant in their growth and development and in the increased amount of work. A subsequent reduced value in the adults was considered to be mainly due to an increase of the distance between the heart and electrode by the increase in the thorax, particularly the transverse diameter and due to the growth in subcutaneous fat and muscle.
3) The values of Rx/Sx increased with aging. Rx and Sx in the adults were less than those in the children, but Rx/Sx was larger than that of Rx because Sx was less than Rx.
4) Age-related changes of Tz was most characteristic and was negative up to several days after birth. T vector was in forward direction and then turned positive (in backward). This was greatest at the period of the infants. Subsequently, it turned negative in the childhood, and extent was maximum in the adults.
5) The most affected index by the time of cord clamping in the newborns was Tz, which turned positive in the late cord clamping groups later than in the early clamping groups.
The scalar ECG (including only 3 leads) by Frank-lead which is orthogonal lead system is superior to the standard 12-lead ECG in spatial and quantitative evaluation of P, QRS and T waves.
For these reasons, the results of age-related changes in the amplitude of each wave by this method considered to be simple and effective for the variation in age of spatial cardiac electromotive force in children.

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To enhance the effect of adoptive immunotherapy (AIT), we investigated the induction and characteristics of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and also analyzed the combined effects of AIT with an antitumor drug (cyclophosphamide: CPA) in mice models. LAK cells were generated from C57/BL/6 (B6) spleen cells. The spleen cells were passed through a nylon wool column and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10%FCS and 2 X 10³ units of human recombinant IL-2 (hr IL-2) for up to 14 days. During this period, the time kinetic analyses of the LAK cells' cytotoxicity and motility were performed. The cytotoxicities against Lewis Lung Carcinoma (3LL), evaluated by standard 51Cr release assay, gradually increased during the cultured period, and the motilities, determined by a modified version of the Boyden chamber method, greatly increased within the first 7 days' incubation. Based on these in vitro findings, we examined the efficacy of AIT alone or in combination with chemotherapy (CPA) in in vivo studies. MT was performed in the following way: LAK cells were intravenously infused and rlL-2 was intraperitoneally administered for 5 consecutive days following LAK cell administration. CPA was intraperitoneally administered. The therapy protocols were as follows. There were seven experimental groups. Group I; the mice were infused with 3-day cultured LAK cells (3DLAKs) on the second day after tumor inoculation (day 2). Group II; the mice were infused with 3DLAKs on day 5. Group DI; 10-day cultured LAK cells (10DLAKs) on day 2. Group IV; 10DLAKs on day 5. Group V (MT and CPA combination); AIT (10DLAKs) was started on day 5 followed by CPA on day 10. Group VI; CPA was performed on day 5 followed by MT (10DLAKs) on day 10. Group VII; CPA was performed on day 5 without MT. Each group consisted on 15 mice. The therapeutic efficacies were evaluated by calculating the median survival time of each group. The results of these experiments were as follows (mean SD) ; Group I's median survival time was 16.8 ±3.2 days, Group II 15.1 ±2.1 days, Group III 19.2 ±5.4 ±d ays, Group IV 16.1 ±4.8 days, Group V 23 ±6.3 days, Group VI 32 ±8.4 days and Group VII 22 ±5.1 days. These results suggested that the efficacy of MT is closely related to the LAK cells' cytotoxicity and motility. Although MT alone in the advanced tumor bearing host had a limited effect, combination with CPA improved it's efficacy. Thus, chemoimmunotherapy leads to a significant survival advantage in vivo. Our findings may enhance the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy.

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