Human has his longer average life as the results of developed medecine, and the studies about the diseases of hypertension and arteriosclerosis remarkably increased.
It is said generally the retinal arteries are belong to arteriole and are thought to be the branches of cerebral arteries. We can examine the arteriosclerosis directly by using the ophthalmoscope.
The crossing phenomena of arteries and veins, so-called Salus, and Gunn's sign, are observed in retinal arteriosclerosis and hypertension.
The studies about the crossing of arteries and veins of the 21 patients histo-pathologically after their death are done, who were suffered from hypertension or arteriosclerosis for long time.
Forty-four crossing parts from 28 eyes of 21 patients were examined histo-pathologically after fixation in 10% Formalin, embeding in paraffin, making 54c thick preparats of continuous sections, and staining by Azan-mallorie, Elastica-haematoxylin-eosin, P. A. S., Vangieson, Periodic acid methenamin silver staining.
After detail examinations the crossing phenomena are classified in 3 types on account of thesituation of, arteries and veins.
The first type; each vessel has its own proper components of the vessel wall, so the each vessel is clearly distinguished.
The second type; proper components are fused into one except endothelial layer.
The third type; this is the transition type from the I st. to IInd.
Each vessel has its own adventitia generally, and in the advanced cases the artery invased media. In every type the proliferation and hypertrophy of adventitia are seen. The type of crossing phenomenon advanced from I, III, to II type according to the grade of arteriosclerosis.
And by this my own classification, you can easily judge the degree of arteriosclerosis from the crossing phenomenon.

View full abstract