It is well recognized clinically that there are some instances of the senile hypertension which remained within normal blood pressure after discontinuation of the long -term administration of the antihypertensive drugs. With a purpose of clarifying the mechanism involved the above -mentioned fact, the author has investigated the left cardiac function, using the time phase cont -raction which was made available through the functional cardiogram.
Seventeen cases of the normotensive elderly subjects served as control. Twenty-three cases of the hypertensive subjects which showed elevation of the blood pressure and 17 cases which failed to show the elevation of the blood pressure were investigated.
1) Related to the LVETc, the significant shortening was observed in the group which showed no elevation of the BP., in comparison with the group which showed reelevation of the blood pressure. The LVETc was also significantly shortened in the former group, comparing to the senile hypertensive group. However no significant difference was noted in the group which showed reelevation of the BP. and senile hypertensive group.
2) Related to the ICT and PEP, the group which showed no elevation of the blood pressure disclosed significant prolongation, comparing to the group which showed reelevation of the blood pressure, and the senile hypertensive group. However, no significant difference was discernible in the group which showed reelevation of the blood pressure and senile hypertensive group respectively.
3) Related to the LVET/ICT and LVET/PEP, the significant low value was noted in the group which showed no elevation of the blood pressure, in comparison with the group which showed reelevation of the blood pressure and senile hypertensive group respectively. However, no significant difference was discernible between the group which showed reelevation of the blood pressure after discontinuation of the drugs and senile hypertensive group.
4) Related to the Pd/ICT, the significant low value was noted in the group which showed no elevation of the blood pressure, in comparison with the group which showed reelevation of the blood pressure and senile hypertensive group. However, no significant difference is encountered in the group which showed reelevation of the blood pressure after discontinuation of the drugs and the senile hypertensive group.
5) Based on these observations, the group which showed no elevation of the blood pressure after discontinuation of the dring therapy might indicate the disfunction of cardiac pumpingmechanism as well as reduced contractility, indicating the evidences of the heart failure.

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The hypothesis that “Free radical reaction” plays a role in production of ischemic brain edema was checked in the ischemic model produced in the Mongolian gerbil through unilateral carotid ligation (ULCL). Free radical is a highly reactive state of molecule with a single electron at the most outer orbit. By its highly reactive nature, free radical affects the lipid bilayer membrane to produce lipid peroxides it also affects enzyme activities. As an index of free radical activity, the author periodically measured cerebral tissue lipid peroxide level. As an index of cytologic membrane damage, the author measured cerebral tissue acid phosphatase activity. Water content and passage of ^18I-RISA were also periodically measured.
In the animals which showed neurological symptoms following ULCL, water content began to rise after 2 to 3 hours after ULCL, reaching its peak at 18 to 48 hours. There was no rise of water content on the contralateral hemisphere.
The ¹⁸¹I-RISA uptake rose only after 12 hours following ULCL only on the ipsilateral hemisphere. This may indicate that the blood brain barrier was still intact till 12 hours after ULCL. The tissue lipid peroxide level rose after ULCL and reached its peak 6 hours after ULCL on the damaged hemisphere. This fact may indicate that free radical reaction was active during this period while the blood brain barrier was still intact.
The total phosphatase activity showed little alteration, but the free acid phosphatase activity of the damaged hemisphere showed elevation at 6 to 24 hours after ULCL. This fact may indicate that the membrane damage had occurred during this period. Since acid phosphatase is usually confined to lysosomes and other membrane particles, the release of the enzyme may be due to the membrane damage.
These results suggest that during the early phase of ischemic brain edema, lipid peroxidation of the membrane occurs as a result of free radical activity. This membrane damage involves plasma membranes as well as membranes of blood brain barrier, thereby enhancing brain edema.

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There is a report that in the case of patients in the acute stage of cerebrovascular disorders, the compression of the upper arm for measuring blood pressure may affect cerebrospinal fluid CSF) pressure. This was studied in the patients in the acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage (or infarction. The results obtained were as follows.
1) In 10% of the patients, CSF pressure increased when usual hemodynamometry was performed, but the increase was slight.
2) The upper arm was compressed nine times. Each time thecompression was relieved before the next compression started. The pressure applied was increased each time (60-220 mmHg). Through this procedure, that is, the repeated compression, the incidence of the increase of CSF pressure increased. In the case of controls, the increase occurred in 92.1% of trials; in the case of cerebrovascular disorders including both acuteand chronic stages, 69.1% ; in the case of the acute stage of the cerebrovascular, disorders 47.8%.
3) It was considered that the pain caused by the compression induced an increase in CSF pressure via the sympathetic nervous system.
4) Judging from the above results, it may be concluded that there is almost no effect of the upper arm compression on CSF pressure in patients in the acute stage of cerebrovascular disorders, but it had better avoid to repeat upper arm compression.

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Polyarthritis induced in rat using streptococcal peptidoglycan (PG) was investigated and the following results were obtained.
1) Polyarthritis was induced in normal rats within 1 to 2 days after a single intravenous injection of 1 mg PG extracted from group A streptococcal cell walls without mineral oil.
2) Rat platelets were suspended in homologous plasma or serum were incubated with PG, C-polysaccharide-PG complex (C-poly-PG complex) or synthetic N-acetylmuramyl-L-aranyl-Disoglutamine (MDP). Serotonin (5-HT) was released from rat platelets by the incubation with PG, however, it was not released when incubated with C-poly-PG complex or MDP.
3) The release of 5-HT from platelets by PG was inhibited when platelets were suspended in heat inactivated serum. This fact suggests that the process of releasing 5-HT from platelets is mediated through the activation of complement.
4) From microscopic examination, the synovial membrane revealed stasis of arteries and pen-vascular stasis within 3 to 6 hours after administration of PG. Moreover, proriferation and degranulation of mast cells in the pen-vascular space were sometimes observed. On the 3 rd day after administration, the round cell infiltration mainly consisted of neutrophiles and there was disintegration of the lining cells in synovial membrane. These results indicate the presence of acute inflammatory process in this stage.
5) Scanning electromicroscopy revealed that there were morphorogical changes in the platelets incubated with PG and extrusion of numerous pseudopodia.
In conclusion, the present data suggestes that the release of chemical mediators such as 5-HT and/or histamine by PG in situ may play an important role in inducing polyarthritis by PG.

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The antibody titers were measured against extracellular products of group A streptococci, deoxyribonuclease-B (DNase-B), nicotine-amide adenine dinucleotidase (NADase), streptolysin-O SLO), cellular components of group A streptococci, partially purified extracts (PPE), (C-polysaccharide (C-poly) and peptidoglycan (PG), in the sera of patients infected with streptococci or its sequelae.
The results obtained were as follows.
1) Antibody titers against DNase-B and NADase were high in the sera of patients with acute glomerulonephritis or with acute rheumatic fever.
2) There were no significant differences in antibody titers against PPE between healthy group and patient group, of children. In each group of patient high antibody titers against PG occurred at high frequency. Antibody titers against C-poly were high in the sera of acute glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever and anaphylactoid purpura.
3) No correlation was observed between ASO titers and anti DNase-B titers, as well as between ASO titers and anti NADase titers. In the patients with acute glomerulonephritis antibody titers against DNase-B and NADase were high at early stage, but had a tendency to become lower as time went on.
There were almost no changes in the antibody titers of the sera of the patients with mucocutaneous lymphoide syndrome (MCLS).

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For the purpose of simple automatic diagnosis of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), the author has invented a linear discriminant which could easily select CPD patients.
The following parameters were employed :
(1) Seitz's test
(2) pelvic inlet adaptability test
(3) age
(4) height
(5) parity
(6) conjugata externa
(7) distantia trochanterica
(8) transverse diameter at pelvic inlet
(9) anteroposterior diameter at pelvic inlet
(10) anteroposterior diameter at wide pelvic plane
(11) biparietal diameter of fetal head
(12) number of sacral body
The obtained results:
1. Internal checking on 234 CPD suspected patients
1) For the discrimination of the spontaneously delivered parturients (a) from vacuum and/or forceps delivered parturients (b), parameters (2), (3), (5), (6), (8) and (9) were employed.. cdiscriminant I. cand the correct discrimination rate of 66.5% was obtained.
2) For (b) from (c). cdiscriminant II. c factors (1), (2), (3), (4), (6) and (12) were employed to obtain the rate 88.1%.
3) For (c) from (a). cdiscriminant III. c (1), (2), (3), (5), (10) and (11) were used and 93.7% was got.
4) (c) from (a+b). -discriminant IV. c (1), (2), (3), (5) (10) and) 12_ were employed to obtain 91.8%.
5) For (c) from (a), the discriminant Miyake was employed and the correct rate was 95.6%.
2. External cheking on 100 CPD suspected cases
1) For (c) from (a+b), discriminant IV was used to ob tain82%.
2) Discriminant Miyake was used for (a) from (c), and 89.6% was obtained.
3) The correct rate of employment of discriminant Miyake on the separation of (b) from c) was 80%.kn-abstract=

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The transarterial portography has an important clinical value for diagnosing the portal hypertention, mesenteric venous thrombosis and intra- or extrahepatic neoplastic disease. Moreover this technique is very versatile for evaluating the pre- and post-operative patho-phisiology of the patient who manifested evidence for abnormal portal venous circulation.
It has been recognized that certain vasoactive agents may facilitate the capacity of visualization of the portography and the mechanism involved in this action is attributed to the dilatation of the peripheral vascular beds and the increase of blood flow in the superior mesenteric arterial tree.
Vasodilator drugs in this manner include tolazoline, bradykinin, glucagon, prostaglandins PGs) and others, of which the PG E₁, recently utilized for good venous visualization, is said to have the most potent effect in the superior mesenteric circulation of the mogrel dogs.
The intention of the present investigation, therefore, is to find a method to improve the degree of opacification in the portal system in man by analyzing the densitometric datum, high resolution cinefluolography and pressure measurement of the portal vein, when PGs are administered directly to the superior mesenteric artery.
The densitometric value of the portography by log relative exposure was 0.149 and 0.205 for PG F_2α, and PG E₁ respectively meantime, in the conventional procedure the value was 0.112 and the proved significance of each mean, therefore, was over 99% by T official approval. The frequency of visualization in the portal vein system, including superior mesenteric, portal, intrahepatic and collateral veins, was 100% in all cases with PG E₁-pharmacoangioportography. This value was superior to that for PGF_2α and in the conventional studies.
High resolution cineangiography with new metal 1. 1. revealed a conspicuous decrease in aortic regurgitation of contrast medium in PGs studies. Also, the transit time for the medium within the main portal vein decreased definitely after administration of PGs. The portal venous pressure increased with a mean resting value of 37% following PGs administration.
The maximum pressure was recorded at a mean of 59 seconds after injection of PGs and the rise in portal pressure continued for a mean of 3 minutes and 50 seconds until it returned to the pressure of resting phase.
These findings could be correlated with the evidence of increased blood flow in the superior mesenteric circulation.
No significant changes in ECG or any other adverse reactions were observed during or after the administration of PGs.

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Cerebral edema at the acute stage of cerebrovascular disease seriously threatens the life of a patient. Treating cerebral edema in acute cerebrovascular patients is vital. At present, cerebral edema is treated with hypertonic solution. However, since adequate models of cerebral edema were unavailable, the effects of hypertonic solution on cerebral edema have not often been studied in terms of changes in quantity of edema fluid or cerebral energy metabolism. In addition, little research has been done to classify these changes according to the damaged part of each brain, its surroundings, or its counterparts.
The author made extremely realistic and uniform models of brain edema using a Lesion Generator by heat-damaging the brains of mice. Hypertonic solution of 20% mannitol was then applied with 10% glycerol, and 50% glucose through the cervical veins. Then, the quantity of brain water, the ATP in brain tissue, and the lactate were checked. The range in which brain edema eased, the duration of the effects, and how cerebral energy metabolism were affected were then studied. Also, the author timed and studied the application of hypertonic solution. The results are as follows.
1) Hypertonic solution of mannitol remarkably mitigated the brain edema, but the effect did not last long and rebound symptoms appeared. Glycerol was also effective but not as much as mannitol. Its effect lasted from 6 to 12 hours and rebound symptoms appeared around the damaged parts. Glucose was not very effective in easing the brain edema.
2) Concerning cerebral energy metabolism, after hypertonic solution of mannitol was applied, the ATP level fell remarkably but the lactate level underwent no significant change. When glycerol was applied, both the ATP and lactate levels rose significantly. The ATP level fell, but not significantly.
3) When hypertonic solution was applied immediately after the brain damage, edema was found to have increased 24 hours later regardless of the solution type. However, when hypertonic solution was applied 6 hours after brain damage, the expansion rate of brain edema decreased, even after 24 hours.

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In accordance with the progress of recent angiography, the origin and the course of the internal iliac artery in the pelvic cavity are very important in the areas of gynecology and urology.
Using 50 Japanese female fetuses (6-10 months), the branching of the internal iliac artery was investigated from a clinical standpoint.
The main findings are as follows:
1) In most cases the common iliac artery arose at the part of the 4 th lumbar: 33/42 (78.6%).
2) In 34.9% of the cases, 15 cases out of 43 cases, the right common iliac artery was longer than the left one, and in 53.5%, in 23 cases the left side artery was longer than the right one.
3) The origin of the internal iliac artery mostly situated at the 5 th lumbar: 27 out of 48 cases (56.3%) on the right side. 27 out of 47 cases (57.4%) on the left side.
4) The dividing patterns of the internal iliac artery are classified into 4 groups and 10 types. II-I was the most popular type, 49 out of 99 cases (49.5%). Namely, the superior gluteal artery arose independently as the first branch, then the 2nd branch arose forming a common trunk together with the inferior gluteal artery and the internal pudendal artery.
5) One iliolumbal artery was found in all the cases on the left side and 48 cases out of 50 cases on the right side. In most cases, the iliolumbal artery arose directly from the internal iliac artery: 40 out of 53 cases (75.5%) on the right side. 37 out of 49 cases (75.5%) on the left side.
6) Two lateral sacral arteries were most commonly found on both sides: 50 out of 99 cases (50, 5%). Mostly, in 83.0% cases, it arose from the superior gluteal artery.
7) Two cases of two uterine arteries were found out of 98 cases. 96 cases arose from the internal iliac artery. In 90% of the cases, the original position of the uterine artery from the internal iliac artery on the right side was found to be at the middle to the upper wall and in 85.5% of the cases it was at the middle to the lower part of the wall on the left side.
8) Two obturator arteries were found: 7 out of 99 cases (7.1%). In most of the cases (49 out of 106 cases, 46.7%), they arose from the internal iliac artery directly as an independent branch. The branches of the obturator arteries in all the cases were connected with the inferior epigastric arteries or the external iliac arteries.
9) One to six superior vesical arteries were most commonly found: 92 out of 98 cases (93.9%). Most of them arose from the internal iliac arteries directly as independent Lbranches: 317 out of 361 cases (87.8%). 10) One to two inferior vesical arteries were most commonly found: 89 out of 98 cases (90.8%) 38.7%, 60 out of 155 cases, it arose from the internal iliac artery as an independent artery.

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The effects of the incubation period upon the antigenicity of trichophytin were studied.
Trichophytin antigens were prepared from a culture filtrate of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes incubated in Sabouraud's broth for 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 weeks, 6 and 12 months. With those antigens precipitin tests were performed in sera of experimental Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes infected rabbits.
The trichophytin antigens derived from 9 and 11 week-culture media were found to be highly reactive.

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