[in Japanese]

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We treated of the darts of a tight skirt in the previous Studies on Darts (Part 6). It is generally admitted that the woman's girth is largest at at the hip line. So revising Kunick's method of dart-making, we decided upon the amount of darts to be made at the waist line on the basis of the hip line by diminishing it. During this process, however, we found that the girth is not always largest at the hip line, but with some women femurs are well-developed and the most protuberant parts. This is the result of our investigation, in this respect, of women's junior college students.

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The fine structures of the spore walls of Frullania (Hepaticae), representing 3 subgenera, Trachycolea, Homotropantha and Frullania, were investigated by electron microscope. The results are as follows : 1. No distinct difference could be seen in the size, external shape, color and thickness of the exine of the spores in these 4 species. 2. The number of foramina on a diameter was generally the same in the 4 species. The diameter of the foramina on an average were (in size order) F. fauriana (4.29μ), F. nishiyamensis (5.53μ), F. nodulosa (6.26μ) and F. tamarisci ssp. Moniliata (8.3μ). 3. The foramina was hollowed in F.fauriana and F.nishiyamensis. But the foramina was nipple like (scallopped in profile view) in F. nodulosa and F. tamarisci ssp.moniliata. 4. The circumference of the foramina and the sections between each foramina were densely covered with numerous, irregularly tortuous protuberances in F. fauriana, while those of the other 3 species were densely covered with numerous minute mamillae. 5. The foramina was covered by the irregularly tortuous protuberances and minute mamillae in F. fauriana. In surface view, those of F. nodulosa and F. tamarisci ssp.moniliata were covered by many spinous protuberances and those of F. nishiyamensis were covered by both spinous protuberances and mamillae. 6. The spinous protuberances covering the foramina were 25 (35) 40 in number and arranged in 2-4 cocentric circles in F. nodulosa, while in F. tamarisci ssp.moniliata, it was 8-12 in number in a cocentric circle. As mentioned above, the characteristics of the fine structures of the spore wall in these 4 species of Frullania representing 3 subgenera could each be distinguished clearly by electron-microscopic observation. Therefore, it seems that the characteristics of the fine structures of the spore wall may be one of the important taxonomic feature not only between species but also between sections or subgenera.

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The fine structures of the spore surface of Cyptodontopsis obtusifolia and its var. laosiensis (Musci) were investigated by electron microscope with the following results. 1. No distinct difference could be seen between the general morphological feature of spore structures in both taxa. 2. The spore diameter in equatorial view was larger in the latter, and the difference between them was measured to be an average of 4.7μ. 3. The differences between the diameter of the largest spore and the smallest one in each taxon was more distinct in the former (ca. 4μ) than in the latter (ca. 2μ). 4. In the former, the distribution of mamillate protuberances on the surface of spores was somewhat irregular and the fusion of 2 or 3 protuberances frequently could be seen. While in the latter, the distribution of protuberances was subregular and the fusion of protuberances was rare. 5. The number of protuberances on the 10μ line averaged 18.3 in the former and 11.3 in the latter. 6. The length of the mamillate protuberance averaged 0.87 μ in the former and 0.34μ in the latter. 7. The number of papillae on a mamillate protuberance averaged 6.7 in the former and 11 in the latter in profile view.

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