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Volume 37 (1986)
- Issue 4 Pages 205-
- Issue 3 Pages 145-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 37, Issue 1
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Kazuhiko Masuda, Tsutomu Takashima1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 1-13
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComputational accuracy of the Cox-Munk ocean surface model is discussed using the energy conservation of the incident radiation on it. The computational scheme in the atmosphere-ocean system is based on the doubling-adding method. Firstly, with the aid of the simple modification of the refraction matrix, computational accuracy is significantly improved even in the small discrete system of (15, 24), where the first and second numerals in the parentheses donote the discrete coordinates in the atmosphere and the ocean, respectively. This modification is necessary especially for the computations of the radiation including polarization effect which require a great deal of computer time and memory space. Secondly, the effects of shadows, multiple reflections, and refractions by the ocean surface are discussed to improve the accuracy. Finally, a computational example of albedo, the upwelling radiance and the degree of linear polarization at the top of the atmosphere-ocean system are discussed at wavelength 0.5μm.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
Yukio Katsuragi, Michio Aoyama1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 15-36
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTime variation of Sr-90 fallout together with that of Cs-137 is given through the end of 1983. The results at 12 stations in Japan indicate that the recent fallout in Japan was mainly derived from the 26th Chinese nuclear detonation. Relatively short stratospheric residence time of radioactive debris was obtained for the 26th Chinese detonation. The activity ratio of Cs-137 to Sr-90 in the fallout ranged from 0.8 to 6.0 with the average at 2.03. It is noted that the activity ratio of Cs-137 to Sr-90 decreased just after the detonation and then it increased. The meridional distribution of Sr-90 fallout over the Japan Islands indicates that it increased from south to north, whereas the amount of precipitation decreased in the same direction. After the thermonuclear detonation, the amount of fallout increased in the following year and the appearance of maximum fallout was delayed by one to two months from normal pattern of the spring maximum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1280K) -
Makiko Kato1986 Volume 37 Issue 1 Pages 37-44
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor diffusion analysis, diffusion parameters in lateral and vertical directions are essential, so their values usually need to be obtained. In the most popular Gaussian type concentration formula, the value of the lateral diffusion parameter σY is relatively easy to obtain both in the wind tunnel and the atmospheric experiments. On the other hand, the vertical concentration distribution is not simple owing to the effect of shear in the turbulent boundary layer, so it is not so easy to decide the value of the vertical diffusion parameter σZ even in wind tunnel diffusion experiments.
In this paper, one graphical method for obtaining the vertical diffusion parameter σZ is described in detail using the wind tunnel diffusion data. The method is as follows. When several suitable curves of the nondimensional Gaussian type concentration formula are superposed one by one on the measured vertical concentration profile, the best-fit curve can be chosen. The value of parameter σZ can be calculated from the values of parameters of the chosen curve, and σZ can be obtained with the same order accuracy as that of the values of concentration.
Originally, this simple but practical method for diffusion analysis was briefly described by Sakagami (1965).View full abstractDownload PDF (454K)
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