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Volume 21 (1979)
- Issue 4 Pages 159-
- Issue 3 Pages 105-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 21, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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OSAMU IWATA1979 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: June 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of selected personality traits upon perception of crowding were investigated in 132 Japanese female college students. These traits were adjustment, trust in people, interpersonal affiliation, self-esteem, extroversion-introversion and neuroticism. They were measured by scores on a personality inventory and on several three-point scales. Crowding measures were obtained in terms of the maximum number of partners with whom a fictitious person was judged to be able to share a room in various situations without feeling uncomfortable. The higher the score on adjustment, trust in people and desire for interpersonal affiliation, the lower the tendency to experience crowding. Higher extroversion and lower neuroticism were associated with a weaker tendency to experience crowding. However, subjects with high self-esteem showed a stronger tendency to experience crowding.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
TADATOSHI HIRAKAWA1979 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 10-17
Published: June 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo examine factors of success in observational learning, 132 second graders were assigned to three experimental groups, C-P, I-N and M-M. The C-P group observed the model's correct demonstration and was given positive reinforcement contingent on correct response. The I-N group observed the model's incorrect demonstration and was given negative reinforcement contingent on an incorrect response. The M-M group observed the model's correct or incorrect demonstration and was given positive or negative reinforcement contingent on a correct or incorrect response. Another experimental variable was the number of observational trials, four, eight and 16. It was found that the number of correct response in the I-N group was higher than the M-M group, but was lower than the C-P group. Because subjects in the C-P group consistently responded to the relevant cue regardless of the number of observational trial, they were the only group of subjects who significantly achieved observational learning. It is concluded that observing the model's correct demonstration and receiving positive reinforcement for correct responses are essential for success in observational learning.View full abstractDownload PDF (570K) -
MICHAEL G. JOOST, GAVRIEL SALVENDY1979 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 18-28
Published: June 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been estimated that about 10% of all boys aged six to twelve years are hyperactive. Often, hyperactivity is associated with learning disabilities. Despite the apparent magnitude of this problem, no valid objective and reliable measures are available to quantify hyperactivity in children. This study discusses how objective measures, using sinus arrhythmia and force platform scores were developed and validated on 30 boys (15 hyperactive and 15 non-hyperactive) aged seven to twelve years. The results indicate that, when the above objective measures were used, 77% of all subjects were classified into their correct groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (777K) -
KENICHI OBUCHI1979 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 29-34
Published: June 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA group of Japanese Self-Defence Force soldiers were divided into an overtly aggressive (AG: N=20) and a non-aggressive members (NG: N=20), They were assigned to write stories for thematic pictures of three relevance levels of hostility. The stories were divided into perceptual and imaginative components and separately scored by the Weighted Thematic Aggression Scores (WTA). The results of the analysis of variance based on the two main factors, the relevance level and overt aggression, were as follows:(a) The perceptual WTA relevance level showed significant variations (p<.001), but overt aggression did not, and (b) the imaginative WTA for both relevance level and overt aggression showed significant variations (p<.01 & p<.025). It was concluded that the perceptual stage of story-making was determined mainly by stimulus properties of the thematic pictures and that the imaginative stage was influenced by both stimulus and personality variables.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
SHUZO OHI1979 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
Published: June 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of an early experience with a gustatory stimulus on later sensitivity to that stimulus was studied in 36 rats. A quinine hydrochloride (Q-HCl) solution (10-3 M) or deionized water (D. W.) was directly applied to the tongue every day for 20 days starting from the age of two days postnatally. In a 2-bottle choice between Q-HCl and D.W. at the age of 39 days, the Q-HCl stimulated rats avoided a lower concentration of Q-HCl than that avoided by the D. W. stimulated rats. Rats similarly stimulated with Q-HCl for 20 days, but started from the age of 31 days, and tested at 67 days postnatally, did not reject the concentration of Q-HCl avoided by the rats stimulated before weaning. The results suggest that a gustatory stimulus frequently given in a preweaning period enhances the sensitivity to that stimulus at a later time, but that the same stimulus given after weaning fails to produce such an effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (441K) -
TOSHIAKI HISAMA1979 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 41-44
Published: June 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale was administered to 48 children with behavior disorders and learning disabilities. The group, divided into the high and low locus of control groups based on the Scale, was given two verbal and two nonverbal subtests taken from WISC-R. To investigate effects of three experimental variables on achievement motivation, children under one condition were told that they were going to take a test while the other group was told that they were going to play a game. A data analysis of the three-way analysis of variance revealed that the children were more highly motivated under the test condition than under the game condition. Also, significant interaction effects between “game vs. test, ” “verbal vs. nonverbal, ” and “high vs. low locus of control” were found.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
HIROYUKI ISO1979 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 45-50
Published: June 30, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of response prevention (RP) upon shuttle avoidance behavior was tested after the intersession delay (ISD) of 0 or 4 or 24 hrs using rats as subjects. Under these ISD conditions the RP groups showed an inverted U-shaped curve of avoidance performance in a subsequent extinction test. The results of behavior observation during RP suggested that this inverted U-shaped curve of responding could be attributed to the relative lack of transition from abortive responding to freezing during RP in the RP-4 hr group, which was observed in the other RP groups. The results were interpreted as indicating that the fear dissipated monotonically with time after the original escape/avoidance training.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K)
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