A general method has been formulated to analyse the three-dimensional elastica and has been applied to an analysis of the bending rigidity of woven fabrics in any direction.
The stiffness of a fabric may vary with the direction of bending in different ways, and the stiffness in any direction may be determined by the measurements along warp- and weft-wise direction. An equation has previously been formulated which was derived by neglecting the twisting effects of constituent yarns occured by the bending of fabrics.
Dealing with this problem as a three-dimensional elastica in this paper, the authors have theoretically derived a more versatile equation (19) in terms of twisting effects of yarns. Assuming that yarns are elastic and homogeneous and no interaction exist among yarns, the twisting effects could be described as a function of the flexural rigidities in principal directions of woven fabrics, and Poisson's ratio of yarns (eq. 25). However, because observed values not always coincide with the theoretical values, the authors have introduced a parameter, n (eq. 27), which relates to V introduced by D. N. E. Cooper as equation 28.

View full abstract

In this paper, the effects of solvents are reported on the diffusion properties of acrylic fibers in the mixed solvent dyeing. Following results were obtained.
(1) A parameter of starting temperature of the shrinkage, T₁, correlates to the combination and the molar fraction of the mixed solvents. The relations of the values of T₁and the molar fraction were divided into two types, one constantly decreases or increases, and another reaches a minimum and then increases.
(2) The diffusion coefficients inversely correlate to the values of T₁, and increase with decreaseing of T₁.
(3) The relations of the diffusion coefficients and the molar fraction are remarkably dependent on the combinations of the solvents.

View full abstract

Aiming the industrial utilization of the temporary hardening of a limp fabric by adding a benzoic acid, an investigation has been made of the effect of hardening process on discoloration, color bleeding, color-fastness of dyed fabrics, seam puckering of limp fabrics, selvage curling of knit fabrics, etc.
The discoloration and/or color bleeding did not occure in the temporary hardened fabrics printed by disperse and reaction dyes. The difference in color fastness to rubbing of solid shade dyed fabrics is not found between the temporary hardened and unfinished fabrics.
It is also confirmed that the temporary hardening treatment serves as a preventive measure for curling or cut selvages of plain knit fabrics, seam puckering of limp fabrics and yarn turning in contact with needle, a major defect in printed fabrics.

View full abstract