An attempt is carried out to make tangling and opening parts in a yarn without conventional interlacer, by running a track which carries the yarn fastened at its both ends and then by exposing the yarn to an air jet a moment. The action of the air jet on the yarn are discussed. Moreover, the effects of the air pressure, the nozzle height which means the distance between the air jet nozzle and the upper surface of track fastening yarn, the track .speed at which the yarn traverses the air jet, and the guide distance at which the yarn is fastened are analyzed. Results obtained are as follows.
(1) The yarn subjected to the air jet in the experiment is similar to an interlaced yarn produced by means of a conventional interlacer. Hence, the interlacer is not essential to make tangling and opening parts in a yarn. The interlacer plays only a roll to control cyclic production of tangling and opening parts, and the action of the air jet makes them.
(2) The opening part occurs at position where the air jet blows, and the tangling parts do at its both sides.
(3) The interlaced yarn are not always made by the present method. Hence, repeating many experiments and introducing the probability of production of interlaced yarn make later analyses easy. As a result, in the experiment the probability increases with increasing the air pressure and is maximum at 4.5 kg/cm². It rapidly decreases at the air pressure over that value. This tendency agrees well with the relation between the air pressure and the number of tangles of interlaced yarn shown in the previous paper. The interlaced yarn can not be produced under the condition that the air pressure is under 1.5 kg/cm² or over 7.5 kg/cm². The air pressure has few influence on the shape of tangling and opening parts.
(4) Since the increase of the nozzle height corresponds to the decrease of the force due to the air jet, the probability and the diameter of the opening part reduce and the diameter of the tangling part increases. However, since the region exposed to the air jet acts, the length of the opening part radically increases.
(5) In the limit of the experiment, the track speed at which the yarn traverses the air jet has very few effect.
(6) The probability increases with increment of the guide distance, and takes the constant value of about 65% for the guide distance over 45 mm. The interlaced yarn does not occur for the guide distance under 20mm. The standard deviation of the length of opening part becomes large with increase of the guide distance.

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It is very important in textile dyeing and finishing processes to make load and nip distributions uniform over the full length of pressure rollers in contact. There is a wide variety of sophisticated methods which provide pressure rollers with uniform load distribution. Among them, a cambered roller has been widely used with success in compensating for roller deflection by a distributed thickness of roller covering. In this paper, a theoretical method for determining a surface camber which provides pressure rollers with a rigorously uniform load distribution is introduced and discussed. It is developed by using fundamental equations, previously derived by the authors, describing both two-dimensional load-deflection behavior of the covering and one-dimensional flexural behavior of the pressure rollers.
The following is a summary of conclusions obtained by the analytical investigations :
(1) A camber profile is derived theoretically which provides a pair of a rubber-covered roller and a steel roller or a pair of identical rubber-covered rollers with a uniform pressure distribution. This camber profile is expressed as a product of the amount of the deflection of the rollers due to a design load distributed uniformly and a factor determined by the strain of the covering under the design load. The thickness distribution of the covering can be easily calculated using structural parameters of the rollers.
(2) The camber profile of the covering thus determined is independent of the thickness of the covering except an extremely thin covering. Hence, the thickness of the covering can be arbitrarily chosen by considering other requirements such as two-dimensional compressive behavior of the coverings.
(3) A theoretical camber profile is uniquely determined for a design load of a mangle. Therefore, a uniform load distribution can not be expected when the mangle works under other loads than the design load. If the load during operation will vary within a certain range, it is preferable to design the rollers using a slightly smaller value of design load than the central value between the maximum and the minimum loads of operating conditions.

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This paper describes the effects of surface active agent and builder on the fastness to washing of antibacterial agents in commercial anticrobial treatment products.
The results obtained are as follows.
(1) With regard to the effects of detergents on the fastness to washing of antibacterial agents, the antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus IFO 3060 with sample No. 1 was large in the order of : washing with water, light duty detergent, liquid detergent, soap powder, according to inclinations of each regression curves. Because the width of clear zone when washed with detergent having high concentration of surface active agents is smallas shown in the results of antibacterial activity test. negative correlation was recognized between the concentration of surface active agents in detergents and the inhibition percent. This tendency was similer to other three test organisms.
(2) With regard to the effects of the kind of surface active agent on the fastness to washing of antibacterial agents, the antibacterial activity to three test organisms with sample No. 2 was small in the order of : marseies soap, soap, AOS, AES, LAS, control washing with water. Furthermore, the builder also influences the antibacterial activity, the degree of the effect on the antibacterial activity was lager sodium tripolyphosphate than sodium silicate. And the additive effects by combining the surface active agent with the builder were recognized .
As the antibacterial activity of antibacterial agents in commercial anticrobial treatment products, therefore, is lost rapidly by washing with the detergents having high concentration of surface active agents, such as soap powder, it is necessary to use the detergents having low concentration of surface active agents and builders to keep the antibacterial and antifungal activities of antibacterial angents.

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A study on the foam dyeing to wool blankets is reported with respect to the foam conditions to obtain the level dyeing without a skittery appearance and/or a sandwith effect. The foam application system is the lab-scale equipment bulit as a trial. It was possible that the dyeing solutions which contain the dyes and the foaming auxiliaries (a foamer, a stabiliser, a thickener, etc) could be suitably foamed and applied to the blanket on the foam application system. From the results on the dyed blankets using the foam of the different composition, it was found that the satisfactory level dyeing, as well as the dyeing using the coaservate system, was accomplished by the more viscouse, stable, uniform foams which are generated by adding the stabilizer and the thickener to the dyeing solution. Further, the effects of the other auxiliaries on the level dyeing were also discussed.

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