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Volume 14 (1981)
- Issue 6 Pages 563-
- Issue 5 Pages 439-
- Issue 4 Pages 329-
- Issue 3 Pages 223-
- Issue 2 Pages 101-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 14, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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TOSHIMI MIZUNUMA, YUKARI TAKAHASHI, YASUO KISHINO1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 101-108
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMorphological changes of fat cells in epididymal adipose tissue of rats during starvation were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By SEM, fat cells from fed rats appeared spherical with a smooth surface, but with many craters or pits of 4μm mean diameter. These corresponded to small circular electron-lucent areas seen at the periphery surrounded by a thin cytoplasmic layer by TEM. During starvation SEM showed that the fat cells developed an indented, uneven surface without pits. TEM of these cells showed an increase in number and size of vesicles in the cytoplasmic matrix with a wrinkled plasmic membrane. It is suggested that the increase in the cytoplasmic vesicles in fat cells during starvation is related to, or involved in an increase in lipolytic activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (6660K) -
TOSHIMI MIZUNUMA, YUKARI TAKAHASHI, YASUO KISHINO1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 109-116
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of insulin on the surface structure of isolated adipocytes was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy showed that control cells had a smooth spherical surface, with a very few hemispherical projections of 1μm diameter. Thin-section transmission electron microscopy of the projections showed that they consisted of lipid droplets covered by a thin cytoplasmic matrix. On treatment with insulin, the number of these projections increased, and the optimal concentration of insulin caused a ten-fold increase in the number of cells with projections and the number of projections per cell. The number of projections decreased when the adipocytes were treated with phospholipase C or washed with buffer during lipogenesis with insulin. These observations may help in interpretation of biochemical data on the insulin receptor on the surface of adipocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (6186K) -
TOSHIMI MIZUNUMA, YUKARI TAKAHASHI, YASUO KISHINO, MICHIMASA FUJIMOTO1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 117-125
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComparative morphological studies on epididymal fat cells from young, old and obese rats were made by scanning and freeze-fracture electron microscopies. Scanning microscopy showed that adipocytes of young rats were spherical with a smooth surface, but with a few crater-like pits. As the rats became older, their fat cells increased in size and the surface of the cells became rough with an increase in the number of craters. In obese rats, there were more numerous craters in various sizes than in old rats. In ultra-thin sections, the accumulated lipid of adipocytes appeared uniform and amorphous. But in freeze-fractured adipocytes of young and old rats the central lipid was seen to have a multi-lamellar structure, like an onion. The fracture-face of lipid droplets in adipocytes from the obese rat was disfigured and complicated by the crossing of membranous lamellae. These findings suggest that the modes of lipid accumulation in the fat cells of old rats and obese rats differ. This difference may be related to the difference in the distributions and numbers of craters on the surface of adipocytes in these animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (11253K) -
SHINICHI OHNO, NAOTO OHTAKE, YASUHISA FUJII, SHIGEKI YAMABAYASHI, NOBU ...1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 126-142
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeroxisomal changes of rat livers were examined during DEHP (di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate) administration and after withdrawal. Twelve male Wistar rats were fed with the chow containing 2% (w/w) DEHP. Two rats were killed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. Eight rats were fed with the same chow for 14 days and two each were killed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after DEHP was withdrawn. Two from eight normal control rats were killed at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. Liver tissues were prefixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, processed through DAB reaction, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and were embedded in Epon. The 0.5μm thick sections were observed by light microscopy and high voltage electron microscopy. In experimental livers, increases in number and size of peroxisomes were observed. The induced peroxisomes were larger, less intensely DAB positive and of lower electron dense than those of the controls. After the withdrawal, the number and size of peroxisomes decreased to a normal level in one week. Each peroxisome induced with DEHP might have a low content of catalase and high volume of the enzyme protein employed in fatty acyl-CoA oxidation. There is heterogeneity of peroxisomes from the morphological and histochemical viewpoint.View full abstractDownload PDF (17922K) -
AKINORI MIKI1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 143-152
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe appearance and localization of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in the nervous system of early chick embryos were histochemically studied using the thiocholine technique by Karnovsky and Roots (1964).
Light microscopically AchE activity was first demonstrated in the basal plate of the neural tube of the 2-day chick embryo (developmental stage 13, Hamburger-Hamilton: 1951). In the 3-day embryo (stage 17) AchE activity was seen both in the basal and alar plates of the neural tube. In the 4-day embryo (stage 23) AchE activity was evident in the mantle layer of the neural tube, as well as in the spinal nerve roots and spinal ganglia.
Electron microscopically, AchE activity was first detected in 10-somite embryo (stage 10), namely the reaction products were seen in a few neuroepithelial cells and undifferentiated neural crest cells. The reaction products were first found exclusively in the cisterns of the nuclear envelope and thereafter in those of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER). In successive stages, as r-ER increased in volume and in number, the reaction products were found in the r-ER more frequently and more numerously. In these stages, no morphological differences weer noticeable between the AchE positive and negative cells. This suggests that enzymatic (AchE) differentiation may begin earlier than the morphological and functional differentiations.View full abstractDownload PDF (19593K) -
MASAHITO WATANABE, RYOICHI SHIMONO, TAKASHI KIHARA1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 153-162
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTissue and organ distribution of 14C from 14C-labeled fructose in the mouse was studied by whole-body autoradiography. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with 12μCi of D-[U-14C] fructose and killed after different intervals (5, 30min, 1, 3, 6 and 24hr). Autoradiography of the whole-body sections (untreated and treated with ice-cold 6% HClO4) and densitometry were carried out. Untreated autoradiographs: At 5min after injection, a large amount of the injected fructose still remained in the abdominall cavity. Highest autoradiographic densities at time were in the kidney, liver and blood. The large and small intestinal mucosa showed relatively high density. At 30min, the highest densities occured in the large intestinal mucosa, Harderian gland and kidney medulla, while the abdominal cavity did not show any significant radioactivity. At 1hr, the highest density occurred in the large intestinal mucosa, while a relatively high density was found in the small intestinal mucosa, kidney, sublingual and Harderian glands, and pancreas. At 3hr, the sublingual and submandibular glands attained the highest density. In the other organs, however, the densities at this time were lower than those at 1hr. At 6 and 24hr, the densities in all tissues and organs except for the brown fat decreased compared with those at 3hr.
Treated autoradiographs: Incorporation of 14C from [U-14C] fructose into acid-insoluble substances was high for all glands observed, but low for the blood, liver, brain, muscle, and lung.View full abstractDownload PDF (4258K) -
MASAKI FUJIMURA, SHIH-TSE CHEN, TAKAAKI SUDO, TAKESHI KUYAMA, TAKUYA S ...1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 163-167
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDirect immunofluorescent techniques are utilized to identify the type of infiltrating immunoglobulin in cells of the mature female mammary gland before menopause.
In the average normal premenopausal breast, there are some immunoglobulin-containing cells infiltrating the intra- and interlobular stroma. They are predominantly IgA-containing cells, some are IgM-containing cells, and only a few are IgG-containing cells. Some secretory IgA and IgM immunoglobulins are also found in the apical portion of the acinar epithelial cells, but no IgG is detected.
In the lactating mammary gland, the immunoglobulins, chiefly secretory IgA and IgM, are accumulated in the acinar epithelial cells and secreted into the lumen.
Our present studies prove that the antibodies in mother's milk and colostrum are selectively secreted by IgA- and IgM-containing cells in the mammary glands, but they are probably carried by the lymphatics.View full abstractDownload PDF (2691K) -
KANJI KASAI, SONG SUNG SHIK, HIDEKI AOCHI, YOSHINOBU YOSHIDA1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 168-172
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral reports have been appeared as to the production site of human prolactin (PRL) during pregnancy. They are grossly divided into two groups of opinions or proposals, i. e. placental tissue and hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of pituitary lactotrophs triggered by elevated estrogen in plasma. This difference may be caused by the different pattern of PRL concentration in either plasma or amniotic fluid. Among opinions to support placental synthesis, the decidual role seems to be dominant.
In this study, the authors describe syncytial synthesis of PRL in the placental tissue at term by a method of fluorescent antibody technique. Decidual tissue is concerned not with synthesis but deposition of PRL which is produced in tissue otherwise decidua.View full abstractDownload PDF (3282K) -
TETSUZO KUMAMOTO1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 173-185
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEndogenous diaminobenzidine (DAB)-positive granules in the astrocyte of rat brain were demonstrated with the peroxidase histochemical method slightly modified by us. The most prominent accumulation of endogenous DAB-positive granules was present in the astrocytic cytoplasm and astrocytic processes of the lateral and ventral marginal zone of area postrema, olivary nucleus, hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, fimbria hippocampi, subependymal periventricular region, stria medullaris thalami and cerebellar flocculus. Astrocytes containing a moderate amount of DAB-positive granules were demonstrated in the olfactory bulb, neocortex, corpus callosum, basal ganglia and other regions of the rat brain.
Histoenzymological characteristics of endogenous DAB-positive granules include presence of a “pseudoperoxidase” (hemoglobin-like peroxidase) and a native organelle in the astrocyte itself. Their activity, however, exhibits a 6.5 to 7.6 optimal pH and is inhibited with KCN, CuSO4 and HIO4-NaBH4. Contrarily, this activity was not inhibited where treated with boiling water.
The histochemical fine structural finding showed a presence of distinctive highly electron dense bodies, 0.4 to 1.6μm in diameter, located in the astrocytes and their processes. Highly electron dense reaction products for DAB were also found and may have a possible relation with the lipid-like dense bodies.View full abstractDownload PDF (18073K) -
II. NEURONS AND MÜLLER CELLSSATOKI UENO, HIROSHI MAYAHARA, ISAMU TSUKAHARA, KAZUO OGAWA1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 186-206
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOuabain-sensitive, K-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (K-NPPase) activity, which reflects the second dephosphorylative step of Na-K-ATPase, was investigated histochemically under light and electron microscopes in neurons and Müller cells of the normal adult guinea pig retina with the newly eveloped one step lead citrate method (Mayahara et at., 1980). In guinea pig retina fixed for 5min in a mixture of 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.25% glutaraldehyde, electron dense reaction precipitates indicating K-NPPase activity were observed on plasma membranes of neurons and Müller cells. The most intensive K-NPPase reaction products were evident in the post-synaptic membranes of neurons in the outer plexiform layer, presynaptic membranes of neurons and post-synaptic membranes of ganglion cells and in the processes of Müller cells in the inner plexiform layer. This reaction was almost completely abolished by 10mM ouabain or elimination of K. The activity was also substrate-dependent, and completely inhibited by PCMB-S or preheating.
It is noteworthy that another p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity which is ouabain-insensitive, Levamisole-resistant and K-independent was recognized on the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and nuclear envelope solely in Müller cells. This activity was also substrate-dependent, and completely inhibited by PCMB-S or preheating.
Mg-ATPase activity was observed only on the synaptic membranes of neurons and ganglion cells in the inner plexiform layer. However, this reaction could be neither inhibited by ouabain nor activated by K. Non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity was not demonstrated on any part of the plasma membranes of neurons, ganglion cells or Müller cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (24093K) -
KAZUO KANAI, MART ASADA-KUBOTA, SHINSUKE KANAMURA1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 207-210
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (6341K) -
HIROSHI MAYAHARA, KAZUSHI FUJIMOTO, TORU NODA, ISAO TAMURA, KAZUO OGAW ...1981 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 211-219
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (12679K)
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