Ultrastructural appearances and physico-chemical properties of ascites hepatoma AH13 glycogen were studied and compared with those of the muscle and liver glycogen. In the electron microscopy, the AH13 glycogen particles were demonstrated in various forms, some of which were similar to the muscle or liver glycogen, and the other had strong resemblance to the polyglucose which was synthesized from uridine diphosphate glucose by glycogen synthetase in the muscle fiber. Sometimes, there was the characteristic figure in part of the particles.
End group assay of the AH13 glycogen products exhibited the average chain length of intermediate value between both the liver and muscle glycogen. The optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism spectra of AH13 glycogen, measured in addition of iodine, showed the positive Cotton effect was stronger than the muscle glycogen. This Cotton effect was discussed relation to variation of temperature from 10°C to 85°C.
The glycogen-iodine complex presumably indicated not only the chain length, but also the chain helical structure, affecting by the temperature. The sedimentation coefficients, calculated for AH13 glycogen, depended on the sample concentration. Schlieren diagrams showed the sharpness of the curves on the photographs. It was suspected from the results that the interwinement of the chain of α-1, 4-linked glucose units and the linkage of the chain tended to occur more easily in case of high concentration of the sample during ultracentrifugation. This presumably resulted from the deviation of glycogen metabolism in tumor cells. These facts suggested the specific chain conformation without protein-bonded aggregation as proposed by Lazarow (9).

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The effect of cold 5N HCl (25°C±3) and hot (60°C) 1N HCl Feulgen hydrolysis procedures were compared for retention of tritiated thymidine as well as dye binding. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated human lymphocytes were cultured using conventional procedures, pulse labeled with one microcurie ³HTdR per ml cell suspension, stained with Schiff using conventional (1N HCl-60°C) and cold (5N HCl-25°C) procedures. The developed autoradiographs were then analyzed as to mean grain count over-all labeling index and qualitative colorometric properties. The results indicate that the plateaus for maximal retention of ³HTdR as well as binding of Schiff reagent in phytohemagglutin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes is best achieved using cold hydrolysis times as recommended in this study.

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(1) Feulgen cytophotometry was performed selectively on sufficient number of single whole nuclei of epidermal cells which were isolated from a sheet of stripped epidermis.
(2) The two-wavelength-scanning-method using 550nm and 450nm made it possible to detect and eliminate non-specific light loss.
(3) The two-wavelength-scanning-method using the Olympus-MMSP-TU-S spectrophotometer enables us to identify the DNA synthetic cells with their intermediate values of absorbance.
(4) In normal epidermis of a rabbit's ear, 90.2% of all basal cells exist in G₁-phase (including G₀-phase), and 2.9% of them are in G₂-phase. The remaining 6.9% are DNA synthetic cells.
(5) The absence of “G₂-population of Gelfant” was confirmed in normal epidermis of a rabbit's ear.
(6) The rate of DNA synthesis is once decreased in the middle of S-phase and it is accelerated again toward the end. This phenomenon may be related to the late-replicating DNA.
(7) Autoradiographic study with ³H-TdR on a sheet of stripped epidermis enabled us to obtain a bird's eye -view of distribution of proliferating basal cells.

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In Feulgen stained specimens, non-specific light loss is always present, which can be detected and measured quantitatively by scanning with a light spot at 450nm. Subtraction of the total “absorbance” at 450nm from that of 550nm virtually eliminates the effects of non-specific light loss and gives more accurate value of DNA content of a Feulgen stained cell. This is called two-wave-length-scanning method. An automatic instrument to perform two-wave-length-scanning measurements is described. By this method measurements were carried out on DNA contents of Purkinje cells and inner granule neurons in cerebellum of man and rat at various stages of postnatal life, and the rule of strict constancy of DNA content is confirmed. Based on discussions on various sources of the non-specific light loss, the use of this method is recommended when high accuracy is required in measurements of Feulgen cytophotometry.

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Mucopolysaccharide components at the infiltrating periphery of gastric cancer were examined by means of histochemistry. PAS reaction and alcian blue staining were only weakly positive and no changes were observed after digestion tests. Mowry's colloidal iron reaction was positive and it almost disappeared after incubation with hyaluronidase. These results suggested that Mowry's colloidal iron reaction was most excellent of the three methods of staining for digestion test of mucopolysaccharides. The main component of the substance under discussion was indicated to be hyaluronic acid.
Beyond the infiltrating front of the gastric cancer, Mowry's colloidal iron reaction was markedly intensified while the substance was negative after testicular hyaluronidase digestion, resisted to streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion. This substance was believed to be chondroitin sulfate.

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Nodular portions of the adrenal cortex in the aging rats were examined histochemically.
From the observations on lipid distribution and histological feature, the cortical nodules were classified into the following three types:
1) Type I consists of the compact cells containing no or scanty fine granules of lipid.
2) Type II consists of the large cells containing moderate amounts of small of middle sized granules of lipid.
3) Type III consists of the cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and abundant lipid droplets.
In the nodule of Type III, increased activity of secondary alcohol dehydrogenase was usually consistent. On the other hand, histochemical activities of the enzyme tended to more variable in Type I and Type II.
The possible relations of these nodules including few transitional forms were considered.

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The incidences of deposition of brown pigments in the human large bowel were found in 145 cases (33.1%) out of 438 colonic materials-92 in 280 autopsies, 47 in 110 operations and 6 in 48 biopsies.
The frequency is higher in female sex, urinary organs, colon, and lower abdominal tumors.
On light microscopic study, the pigments are similar to the lipofuscin in the various staining, but they are electron microscopically different from lipofuscin of the heart and the liver. Furthermore, the pigments differ from both melanine pigments which exist in the normal epidermis and the malignant melanoma, and haemosiderins which are found in the liver and the haemorrhage sites. The pigment granules are found in the phagocytes of the colonic tunica mucosa, those transform from autophagosomes to autolysosomes, and then these granules change into residual bodies.
On the clinical and light microscopic observation, we consider that contents of digestive tract are absorbed from free surface of the colonic mucous epithelial cells, and then those are transmitted to the phagocytes in the tunica mucosa. However, our observation did not reveal these transfering processes.
We suggest that it is the so-called “Brown bowel” for naked-eye characters, but the nature of the pigment has yet to be clarified.

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