日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
73 巻, 630 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1~17を表示しています
  • 山岸 邦彰, 野路 利幸, 岩本 毅, 原田 浩之
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 939-946
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The vibration measurements of the twenty-storey of reinforced concrete building using base isolation system nearby railway tracks were carried out aiming at establishment of a simplified prediction method of structure borne sound, paying attention to each characteristic of input loss of foundation and vibration propagation in the building. Through these measurements, the characteristics of the loss of foundation and the vibration propagation of the building were clarified and it was shown that multi-degree-of-freedom model explains the vibration propagation characteristic well. In addition, parametric studies of vibration reduction effect by base isolation devises were carried out using this model, and these were found that vibration reduction effect of this building is proper, and the effect was influenced of vertical stiffness of the building and the isolators.
  • 山岸 邦彰, 野路 利幸, 岩本 毅, 原田 浩之
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 947-955
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The loss of foundation characteristics is very important to predict the structure born sound in rooms. The level of the structure born sound is often evaluated in the plan stage of the building project and tends it to be demanded evaluation in a short time. A method of Yamahara that foundation is assumed to be no mass and to be rigid surface foundation is generally used in the evaluation of input loss of foundation. However, it is difficult to use the method of Yamahara as for the cases that long and thin foundations which in itself cannot consider to be rigid in comparison with the hardness of the neighboring ground. From the above a simplified evaluation method of soft foundations using an advantage of Yamahara's method is suggested. In addition, measurements of the input loss of foundation of three buildings excited by the railroad vibration were carried out and this method is applied to these measurement results and is confirmed the validity.
  • 中大窪 千晶, 梅干野 晁
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 957-964
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The object of this paper was to calculate a distribution of Mean Radiant Temperature taking solar radiation into account (MRT) in urban living space and to examine the thermal influence of urban/building design on MRT distribution. The calculation method was developed which allow predicting an MRT considering thermal infl uence of urban/ building design to reproduce spatial forms and materials of building and ground. And the MRT was calculated considering radiance distribution of sky radiation and atmospheric radiation, and multi-refl ected solar radiation. Considering sky radiance distribution, MRT distribution in medium-rise building block was calculated more precisely. As a result of calculation of MRT in actual urban block, reflected solar radiation and long wave radiation from pavement formed complex MRT distribution. Then MRT distribution was computed on condition that the pavement (solar reflectance 0.1) was change into cool pavement (solar refl ectance 0.6) in actural urban area. The radiation fi eld in cool pavement became worse because the increased budget of solar radiation for cool pavement was twice than the decreased budget of long wave radiation.
  • -兵庫県産左官材料(中塗り土)の評価-
    横林 修造, 佐藤 真奈美
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 965-969
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mud wall is a collective designation for walls that are constructed with clay and mud using traditional Japanese craft techniques. The mud wall has called Tsuchikabe in Japanese. In order to form Tsuchikabe, a mixture of clay and straw is plastered onto a woven bamboo lath (Komai). In this report, we provide measurements on the heat and moisture properties of the wall. These results enable us to make quantitative evaluations of the heat insulating and moisture conditioning properties of Tsuchikabe constructed using traditional techniques. The materials were collected in Hyogo. Their equilibrium moisture content, heat conductivity and moisture conductivity were measured. The measurement method conformed to JIS and ISO. The measurement results showed that the equilibrium moisture content of Nakanuritsuchi was in broad agreement with that of plasterboard. Moisture conductivity was measured in the range of 25-81% relative humidity, to ascertain the relationship between moisture conductivity and relative humidity. Furthermore, we show the results of the correlation between moisture conductivity and relative humidity. Heat conductivity reached 0.362 (W/m·K) [30.3°C] under air-dried conditions. This indicates that this property has low dependence on temperature and relative humidity and could be therefore treated as a fixed value.
  • 建築外皮の湿害に対する評価手法の開発 その1
    齋藤 宏昭, 福田 清春, 澤地 孝男, 大島 明
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 971-978
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to ensure safety and sustainability of building, both appropriate design and construction practice are required. Hence, damages of building by various deterioration factors should be estimated prior to construction. An important deterioration factor is a wood decay by fungi in the case of a wooden construction. However, it is difficult to predict the occurrence and the rate of wood decay, and the risk of wood decay has not been assessed quantitatively at present. In this report, we investigated a prediction model of wood decay occurrence considering moisture balance for the durability assessment of building envelopes. In the model, mathematical expression which estimated a risk of the wood decay in consideration of hygrothermal behavior within wood components was made. The constants of degradation rate during the wood decay were obtained from a laboratory experiment under various temperature and humidity conditions, and those constants were incorporated into the mathematical expression. The effect of water occurred from the wood by the fungal decomposition was also considered in the model. The risk of wood decay under climate conditions was assessed by applying the prediction model to building envelopes. Although the prediction model was useful for the design, the improvement of reliability must be studied on some points.
  • 楊 霊, 加藤 信介, 永野 秀明, 朱 晟偉
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 979-984
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper the thermal adaptive effect and thermal characteristics of positional adjustment of a seated human body was simulated by changing the human model's position relative to the cooled spot airflow by means of coupled simulation of convection, radiation, moisture transport, and Fanger's neutral model. However, the human thermal models of Fanger, by focusing on the heat balance on the human body, consider the human body as an average, static heat source. It is often used to predict the average thermal sensation, but if facing a non-uniform thermal environment, the accuracy of its result becomes doubtful. Sakoi's model is proposed as a three-dimensional human thermal model to predict the distribution of human's thermal physiological state. This model's characteristics are that for instances the heat transfer is based on blood flow which is simulated through heat transfers between blood pool networks and body tissues, moreover the blood flow's style will change from contercurrent-flow to one-way flow depending on the perfusion rate of the skin tissue etc. Therefore, we use Sakoi's model instead of Fanger's model in the same simulation calculation in order to get more accurate results.
  • -室内湿気発生源の勢力範囲解析に関する研究 その3-
    胡 睿, 加藤 信介, 黄 弘
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 985-990
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since houses and office buildings are being built to be more airtight and insular in recent years, indoor environments are often subject to high humidity. Meanwhile, moisture-conditioning materials are widely used in buildings as a result of their excellent ability to control humidity. But the materials' amount and location of their arrangement still should be discussed in order to get the optimal utilization. This study presents a multi-objective optimum design method for reliable indoor humidity environments due to the appropriate use of moisture-conditioning materials. In this paper, (1) a transient prediction of indoor air temperature and humidity in a model living room is performed by employing indices of contribution ratio of indoor climate (CRI(C)) and contribution ratio of indoor humidity (CRI(H)), and (2) an optimal design method is developed with genetic algorithms (GA) and those indices above. In order to confirm the validity of the proposed optimum design system, a conventional model living room with a number of moisture sources is set up as an analytical target and optimum amount and arrangement of moisture-conditioning materials as the design parameters are analyzed for reliable indoor humidity environment design. As a result, optimal solutions are obtained by means of multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and the effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated for designers.
  • CFDによる建物近傍の汚染質拡散の予測精度に関する研究 その1
    富永 禎秀
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 991-997
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The prediction accuracy of the flow and dispersion around a cubic building with a flush stack located on the roof were examined using various k-ε models. Numerical results were compared with the wind tunnel data. The standard k-ε model provides inadequate results for concentration field, because the basic flow structure such as the reverse flow on the roof can not be reproduced with this model. However, the revised k-ε models considered provide concentrations in better agreement with the experimental data. It is also confirmed that the prediction accuracy of the velocity field strongly affects that of the concentration field. The general agreement with the experiment in the RNG case was the best among the turbulence models tested. For computations with various turbulent Schmidt numbers, Sct, the results using Sct = 0.3 gave better agreement with the wind tunnel data than those using Sct = 0.7 and 1.0. It was confirmed that the predicted concentrations by all CFD models were less diffusive than those of the experiment and the results were largely dependent on the value of turbulent Schmidt number.
  • 竹村 明久, 山中 俊夫, 甲谷 寿史
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 999-1004
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    To reveal the aspects for evaluation of odor is important for the building design. In this paper, odors emitted from five building materials that is wood (white cedar and oak), plywood, Tatami and concrete were adopted and the sensory evaluation tests by human subjects were conducted. As a result, the basic relations between the odor concentration and the aspects for evaluation of odor; intensity, hedonics, preference, impressions (familiarity, freshness, complexity and warmness) and acceptability, were investigated. The relations among each aspect were also investigated. Consequently the sensory evaluation of odor the psychological process of odor evaluation was proved by means of multiple regression analysis.
  • 大塚 雅之, 石井 隆敏
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 1005-1012
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study demonstrates the method to evaluate the performance of water saving type water closets with a built-in flush valve which are directly connected to the water supply pipe, i.e. they do not require any space to accommodate cisterns, and aims to suggest data which is contributable to piping design when such a water closet of this type is installed to a horizontal fixture drain branch. To be more specific, this study discusses the following three points: (1) regarding the evaluation of drainage performance, identify the relationship of the flow rate supply water and the fluctuation of supply water pressure with the discharge rate of toilet paper; (2) regarding the identification of drainage characteristics, verify decrease values of the average fixture drainage flow rate corresponding to different piping patterns and the method to calculate the values; and (3) regarding the evaluation of carrying performance, compare carrying distances with conventional-type water closets and identify the relationship of the flow depth, which is a carrying limit, the pipe flow rate and a decrease value of the average fixture drainage flow rate.
  • -再帰反射を用いた日射反射体の性能評価-
    西岡 真稔, 井上 智, 酒井 憲司, 中尾 正喜, 鍋島 美奈子
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 1013-1019
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper aims at developing the solar-radiation reflector with retroreflective abilities, in order to aim at reduction of urban heat island effects, and building cooling loads of a summer season. However, although retroreflectors have some researches which should be referred to in the aspect of visibility, the knowledge on solar -radiation reflection is not accumulated. This is because the general purposes of the retroreflectors are reflecting plates, such as a road sign.
    Therefore, in this study, the numerical simulation which used the ray tracing method performed the case study, and the reflective property on a direct-beam solar radiation was analyzed. Furthermore, possibility that high reflection performance would be realizable compared with a diffuse reflection was shown.
  • 土屋 貴史, 大岡 龍三, 陳 宏, 黄 弘
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 1021-1027
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The heat island phenomenon and urban thermal environmental degradation become serious problems in Japan. Although various relaxation measures for thermal environment have been proposed, the effects of them are different according to urban configuration. For proper urban design, it is necessary to understand quantitatively the effects of the measures. Therefore, in this paper, numerical simulations of convection, radiation and conduction were done in Otemachi area, as a high-rise office block, and in Kyobashi area, as a middle-rise office block in Tokyo, to compare the effects of the measures such as heat release point and way of air-conditioning, greening, high albedo of surface, and traffic volume. The result showed that the measures of high albedo material and greening on ground and road are effective in Otemach, and heat release point and way of air-conditioning affect very much in Kyobashi.
  • 佐藤 大樹, 大岡 龍三, 村上 周三
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 1029-1035
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors have proposed new models to calculate heat balance and mean kinetic energy balance of urban space. In these models, an arbitrary domain fixed a certain region is regarded as the Control Volume. By using these models, the heat and mean kinetic energy structures of each region of the Tokyo metropolitan area have been analyzed under a meteorological condition dominating sea breeze on a typical sunny day in summer. However, to clarify the interaction between sea breeze and urban climate, it is necessary to focus on the sea breeze itself. Therefore, the authors propose a new concept “moving Control Volume” along the sea breeze, and heat and mean kinetic energy balances of moving Control Volume are calculated. From numerical simulations, to raise the height of buildings changes the temperature, absolute humidity, and penetrating speed of sea breeze. In this paper, the reasons are explained quantitatively with respect to the heat balance and mean kinetic energy of the sea breeze.
  • -環境に対する注意の方向を要因とした実験結果-
    須藤 由佳子, 松原 斎樹, 合掌 顕, 藏澄 美仁, 小東 敬典, 青地 奈央, 飛田 国人
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 1037-1043
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effects of direction of the attention under the combined environment of color and temperature were discussed experimentally. Thermal conditions, color conditions and direction of the attention to environment were controlled. Subjects were 44 male and 105 female students. They participated in either winter or summer experiments. The results are summarized as follows: (1)Evaluations of the subjects were different between those who paid attention to color and those who did to temperature, (2)the effect of colors on the evaluation of subjects who paid attention to color was larger than that of the other subjects.
  • エネルギー消費原単位管理ツールの開発 その2
    佐藤 孝輔, 小峯 裕己, 猪岡 達夫, 渡辺 健一郎, 石黒 邦道, 早川 智, 橋本 信一
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 1045-1052
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper continued to the first paper and described the simulation tool to calculate whole energy of various types of buildings for business use. In this tool, the target type of building has been expanded to an office, a commercial building, a hospital and a hotel. The energy calculation flow of air conditioning follows the office version (Refer to the first report). This tool can be calculated in each room that input by visualized method. Other energy consumption is calculated by a different method according to the energy consumption structure of each building type. In this tool, the input is simplified by enhancing the default data made based on the result of regression analyzing the investigation data. If peculiar information in the building is clear, calculating in detail without using the default data is possible.
    Finally, the authors verified the calculation accuracy of this tool with the actual data of ten buildings.
  • 西川 智, 福島 誠一郎, 矢代 晴実
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 1053-1060
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Business continuity is now being regarded as an important factor in management of enterprises. Most of the businesses are not stand-alone; they depend on supply chains, for their operations. The Cabinet Office of Japan recently issued a guide for considering business continuity where it shows a typical manufacturing enterprise operating with several factories connected by supply chain, which is well accepted as a good model. In order to draw BCP (business continuity plan) for such enterprise, there is a need for a risk analysis method to evaluate such supply chain dependent manufacturing system. The factories may be located in several distant locations where the seismic risks differ. Some of the factories may be alternatives. The business interruption period is a crucial factor in terms of economic loss. If an enterprise halts its supply of products over a consumer acceptable timeframe, the consumers will be quickly taken over by rival enterprises and if the business interruption time exceeds a certain limit, the enterprise will no longer be able to return to the previous market. Three model enterprises each with five factories connected through series, parallel and mixed supply chain patterns were applied in comparing and analyzing the risk. Three location patterns of the five factories were given for comparison. The annual exceedance probability of business interruption time of these enterprises are calculated and compared. This risk analysis method is proven to be realistic and functional.
  • -リユース材のストック診断-
    藤田 正則, 村井 正敏, 文蔵 亮介, 岩田 衛
    2008 年 73 巻 630 号 p. 1061-1067
    発行日: 2008/08/30
    公開日: 2009/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The reuse system mentioned in this paper is an overall system for realizing a reuse business in a cyclic of process in a reuse flow, namely, design, fabrication, construction, maintenance, dismantling, and storage. Here, we take up Rolled H-section steels used for non-fireproof plants and warehouses. It is easy to handle them as reusable members because of manufactured in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard. Structural members obtained by reuse dismantling are evaluated by dimensional inspection, mechanical property test, chemical component test. degradation test, and we propose stock diagnosis of reusable members of building steel structures based on performance evaluation.
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