日本建築学会環境系論文集
Online ISSN : 1881-817X
Print ISSN : 1348-0685
ISSN-L : 1348-0685
76 巻, 663 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 西野 智研, 樋本 圭佑, 田中 哮義
    2011 年 76 巻 663 号 p. 469-477
    発行日: 2011/05/30
    公開日: 2011/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, a model for evacuation destination recognized by a resident in a post-earthquake fire event was developed considering attractiveness of a post-earthquake fire refuge. When a large earthquake hits a city in Japan, a tremendous number of evacuees may wander around in urban area escaping from hazards due to conflagrations following the earthquake. We have been developing a simulation model for city evacuation of residents in post-earthquake fire as a tool to evaluate effectiveness of evacuation safety measures. For the further refinement, it is important to accurately estimate evacuation destination of residents considering bias of attractiveness of refuges. The interview survey was carried out at 104 spots on busy streets in Kyoto City and replies from 2,267 residents were collected from September 1st to November 30th, 2009. In the interview, the names of open-spaces recognized as evacuation destination were asked having the subjects imagine that conflagrations had taken place in urban area. The governing factors of evacuation destination choice were identified by analyzing the survey data. Then evacuation destination of a resident was formulated by adopting a probabilistic model and validated by using the survey data. Finally, the model was applied to the whole area of Kyoto City and the number of residents evacuated to a post-earthquake fire refuge was estimated.
  • 安岡 絢子, 久保 博子, 磯田 憲生, 木村 文雄
    2011 年 76 巻 663 号 p. 479-484
    発行日: 2011/05/30
    公開日: 2011/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to investigate seasonal variations in the thermal comfortable environments a year round experiment on human subjects was conducted in a detached house in the suburb of Tokyo. Thirty five college-aged women were provided by the experimenter with uniform clothing, which was subject to seasonal changes (0.4clo-1.3clo). Air temperature, humidity, globe temperature and air velocity were continuously recorded and several skin temperatures, the microclimate temperature and humidity inside the clothing of human subjects were monitored. Thermal and comfort sensations were evaluated at the interval of 10 minutes. The SET* values were calculated based on measurements results and comparison was conducted for values for different seasons.
    The variations in the thermal environment according to the season, time, and type of room had influenced the physiological and psychological responses of the subjects. SET* values obtained from the correlation ship with thermo neutral sensation were 25°C and 28°C in the winter and the summer, respectively. Mean skin temperature which strongly correlated with thermo neutral sensation was 33°C and 35.5°C in the winter and the summer, respectively. The comfortable zone was found to range from 24°CSET* to 29°C SET* and from 25.5°CSET* to 30°CSET* in the winter and the summer, respectively. These determined ranges of SET* values were higher than the comfortable SET* variations in the ASHRAE standard 55-2004. The difference might be considered to occur due to young female subjects and could possibly also originate in clod floor in the winter season or the air velocity in the summer season.
  • 萩島 理, 谷本 潤, 山口 真人, 菊池 圭起
    2011 年 76 巻 663 号 p. 485-492
    発行日: 2011/05/30
    公開日: 2011/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Drag coefficients (Cd) and vertical wind profiles for regular arrays were measured in a systematic series of wind tunnel experiment to investigate the shape effect of roughness element on Cd and air flow dynamics, and following results were presented. 1) Cd of an array consists of miniature vehicles was compared with that of an array consists of a combination of two different blocks, and the former is 10% to 20% lower than the latter due to the effect of the curved surface, in spite of their similar external scale. 2) The staggered array consists of elements with higher ratio shows larger peak of Cd against roughness density, because of the less bluff-body character of a slender obstacle. 3) Turbulent characteristics within canopy layer of an array with high aspect ratio is similar to that of plant canopy.
  • 倉渕 隆, 鳥海 吉弘, 遠藤 智行, 坂本 淳, 奥田 篤
    2011 年 76 巻 663 号 p. 493-500
    発行日: 2011/05/30
    公開日: 2011/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, we examined the effects of disturbance from cooking actions and outdoor air flow from air inlets on the hood efficiency of kitchen range hoods. Moreover, we developed an unsteady method capable of measuring hood efficiency under actual usage conditions in which disturbance is present, and performed measurements of hood efficiency under various conditions. Our results show that when range hood exhaust volumes are small, the effect of disturbance is large. We demonstrated that, because evaluations of kitchen range hoods using residual volume are affected by the dimensions of the room, use of the unsteady method in measurements is desirable under conditions in which disturbance is present. Hood efficiency was lowered by around 5 to 20% when disturbance was present.
  • 諏訪 好英
    2011 年 76 巻 663 号 p. 501-508
    発行日: 2011/05/30
    公開日: 2011/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the Internet data centers (iDCs), a large amount of heat generated by server machines should be removed efficiently from the server rooms so that the room temperature can be controlled at a suitable level to keep these machines in good working condition. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out for various air-conditioning systems, and the ventilation and air-conditioning performance were compared. As the result, systems with both supply and return openings on the ceiling showed the best performance. This system exhibited much better performance than any other conventional systems. In addition, it was flexible with regard to the arrangement of server racks, and it performed well even in case of large heat generation.
  • 山口 容平, 下田 吉之
    2011 年 76 巻 663 号 p. 509-515
    発行日: 2011/05/30
    公開日: 2011/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    There are a number of studies that evaluate the appropriateness of areas for district heating and cooling systems. While heat demand density is used as the indicator for the evaluation, this method assumes that all the buildings in the evaluated district are connected to district heating and cooling system. This assumption brings overestimation when the method is applied to existing districts since there are buildings that equip package air-conditioning systems and cannot connect to district heating and cooling system due to the absence of heat delivery pipelines. This paper evaluates the extent to which the conventional evaluation method overestimates the appropriateness of areas via a case study for districts of Osaka city if the stock of heat source systems is taken into account. The result of the case study showed that although there exists 78 districts (500m square area) with a annual heat demand density larger than 4.2 TJ/ha (1 Tcal/ha) in Osaka city, the number of districts satisfying the condition of heat demand density decreases to 33, if buildings equipping distributed heat source system are excluded. The total annual heat demand in the selected areas decreases from 21 TJ/ha to 6 TJ/ha.
  • 謝 静川, 沼田 博美, 横尾 昇剛, 岡 建雄
    2011 年 76 巻 663 号 p. 517-522
    発行日: 2011/05/30
    公開日: 2011/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Influences of embodied CO2 between the regions due to building construction are demonstrated by analyzing inter-regional IO table from the viewpoint of local production for local consumption. Domestic production and incomes of employees as well as CO2 emission caused by building material productions are derived with 2005 inter-regional IO table of Japan, which consist of 53 industrial sectors and 9 regions. Though influences of embodied CO2 of plastics and machines on regions (except the construction region) are more than 50%, concrete and steel products are less than those products. Influences of CO2 emission due to building construction is small, in which 80% of the CO2 is released in the region of the construction site. It may be effective to increase employment and decrease capacity of machines used in the building to decrease the influences of embodied CO2 on regions except the construction region.
  • 海藤 俊介, 横尾 昇剛, 岡 建雄
    2011 年 76 巻 663 号 p. 523-528
    発行日: 2011/05/30
    公開日: 2011/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aim of this study is to characterize energy consumption and CO2 emission due to building construction in Japan by comparing U.S. We have compared from the view point of cost, energy consumption and CO2 emission per unit floor area of new building construction between Japan and U.S. The results are as follows.
    1) Total cost of building materials per unit floor area of new building construction in Japan is about 1.6 times larger compared to that in U.S.
    2) New building construction in U.S. tends to use fewer amounts of structural building materials than Japan.
    3) Embodied energy of structural building materials in Japan is less than or comparable to that in U.S.
  • 元 アンナ, 西尾 健一郎, 岩船 由美子
    2011 年 76 巻 663 号 p. 529-538
    発行日: 2011/05/30
    公開日: 2011/11/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The energy consumption for water heating accounts for approximately 30% of the energy required by the residential sector in FY 2007. Despite the high expectation of low CO2 emission, energy-efficient (EE) water heaters are not yet widely used. In this report, we aim to analyze and discuss the market of water heaters on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Firstly, the result shows that the adoption rate of EE water heaters is higher in the market of new custom-built detached houses than in that of new ready-made detached houses. However, the high initial cost of EE water heaters is likely a financial barrier, and also, customer preferences tend to be affected by builders' product lineup to some extent even in the case of custom-built detached houses. Secondly, the adoption rate is relatively high in the case of newly built apartments for sale, probably due to stiff market competition. Thirdly, concerning the replacement of water heaters in detached houses, the adoption rate of EE water heaters is relatively high, although there still remain barriers such as the high initial cost and influences of the lineup of products that sales channels deal. Finally, the replacement of water heaters in newly built apartments was difficult to change energy sources and types of water heater because of space and structure problems.
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