In this paper, theoretical formula about the patulous state of door of the smoke protect opening which reproduces the flow place in case of a fire at the time of normal temperature was built. Moreover, the fire experiment and the air supply experiment at the time of normal temperature were conducted, and the validity was verified. As a result, the following things were clarified. 1) The patulous state of door of the smoke protect opening which reproduces the flow place in case of a fire at the time of normal temperature changes with air release opening installation height. 2) The theoretical figure which were proposed by this research and measured value are well in agreement.

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This paper describes the results of a field survey performed on the thermal environment and thermal comfort in living rooms of Japanese houses during a summer period. The major findings are as follows: 1) Mean comfort temperature calculated by Griffiths method was 27.5 ℃ under both conditions of Free Running Mode (FR) and mechanical Cooling Mode (CL). 2) We compared the comfort temperature obtained with acceptable temperature zone of the adaptive model and found that the comfort temperature under the FR mode lies within the temperature zone given by the CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation) standard and that under the CL mode exceeds a little the upper edge of the comfort zone given by the CIBSE (Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers) guide. 3) We compared the comfort temperature for those who like air conditioning and those dislike. The differences in comfort temperature between the like and dislike was 1 ℃ in both FR and in CL modes. 4) We also investigated behavioral adaptation performed by the residents and confirmed that the residents adapt to the hot environments by means of window opening, fan use and clothing adjustment.

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Designing radiant ceiling cooling system is complex because radiant ceiling panels are used with other equipment for dehumidification, ventilation and cooling. The objective of this study was to propose the design method of radiant ceiling cooling system based on operation by using building simulation. The design value of radiant ceiling panels and air-conditioning can be decided easily by using simulation results. The results show that the optimal design and operation of radiant ceiling cooling system depend on first priority of building owners and designers such as thermal comfort and prevention of dew condensation.

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Air conditioning systems generally have moving parts, so an understanding of their reliability is important in system maintenance. Most university buildings have very many air conditioning systems that are often managed by a single maintenance department, so it is necessary to obtain an overall grasp of air conditioning system reliability for the entire university. We report here results obtained by analyzing reliability and maintainability concerning the introduction of gas heat pump (GHP) air conditioners to university facilities. We used a Weibull distribution to analyze the GHP failure time and a lognormal distribution to analyze the maintenance time for the GHP. From the value of the shape parameter obtained in the Weibull analysis, we determined that the GHP failure rate was rising but can be said to be nearly constant. It is estimated that major maintenance in which the maintenance time is 6 hours or more differs from a failure of 6 hours or less. Additionally, the reliability and maintainability analysis was performed separately for all of the field data, each department, the maintenance time, major maintenance, and various maintenance measures.

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Hot water energy consumption is one of the biggest energy consumption and living expense in our life. In this paper, we report the energy consumption of hybrid system by using pellet boiler with CO₂HP in the welfare facility. The facility has multi purpose, such as a dormitory, a hospital and a sheltered workshop for physical disabilities. It needs much hot water for cooking and bathing. We conducted the measurement of the energy consumption for hot water. The results shows that the power of pellet boiler was much less than design value and the COP of CO₂HP was very low. Therefore, we optimized the usage of thermal storage tank and HP system. Also, we conducted the numerical simulation for hot water supply with the Hybrid system. The result indicate that cost is lower when the difference between water level in a day and that in a night is bigger.

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To implement effective energy-saving measures in a building, it is important to classify the total energy the building consumes into various end-uses. This paper analyzes the characteristics of science facilities' energy consumption on a university campus, and proposes a method for estimating an energy end-use breakdown that takes the scale of the analysis into consideration. The purpose of this study is to obtain information useful in university science facilities' efforts by performing a sensitivity analysis of changes in building conditions and/or usage, and by quantifying the energy-saving potential of updating equipment.

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In this study, we provided a confidence interval for LCCO₂, taking account of a difference between the amount of building materials which are estimated, ordered and used, a difference in repair of levels and period and an error of LCA data. In this estimation, 95% confidential interval of the LCCO₂ is from 283kg-CO₂/m² to 3,126kg-CO₂/m². Secondly, we verified feasibility of LCCM by the CO₂ balance among a reduction from 8kW-PV, an energy consumption and the confidence interval. Lastly, we clarified an interrelation between a probability of feasibility of LCCM and a reduction of CO₂ of energy generating facilities.

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The thermal performance and equipment type specified for a newly built house were investigated as benchmarks to enable the selection of appropriate insulation and equipment specifications. The prevalence of electric heater installations for space heating and hot water supply decreased in 2012, compared to 2011. However, it is estimated that the primary energy consumption is high in particularly cold areas of Hokkaido, because this type of equipment remains common in these areas. Because there is an initiative to contractors when the equipment type is determined, it is important to provide appropriate information to these contractors.

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The purpose of this study is to discuss the effects of "Wooden Craftsmanship Activity" and environmental consideration in design exercise on the students majoring in architecture. We conducted a questionnaire survey on the students. The main results are as follows; 1) "WCA" participants mainly enjoy designing and are motivated by the sense of achievement that comes with accomplishing an assignment, and that they are proposing specific environment conscious design in design exercise. 2) "WCA" has an effect on consciousness and behavior of environment conscious life, including classes at university

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The study aimed to reduce the LCA error ranges mainly caused by system boundary mismatches between inputted materials and their background data. For practical reduction purpose, items that should be added preferentially to background data were extracted after conducting the analyses of (1) errors on CO₂ emissions using 8 samples of housing material manufacturing process, (2) CO₂ emission by the material used in building industry, and (3) responses to questionnaires about needs for building LCA. Based on the results, 13 intensity data were developed as most preferential items. Subsequent verification revealed that the errors significantly were reduced by adding these data.

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