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Volume 116, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Ichiro IKEGAKI2000 Volume 116 Issue 2 Pages 63-69
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNaftopidil, a phenylpiperazine derivative, is a novel α1-adrenoceptor antagonist and is new drug for the bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Naftopidil competitively inhibited specific [3H] prazosin binding in prostatic membranes of humans, and its Ki value was 11.6 nM. Using cloned human α1-adrenoceptor subtypes (α1a, α1b and α1d), naftopidil was selective for the α1d-adrenoceptor with approximately 3- and 17-fold higher affinity than for the α1a- and α1b-adrenoceptor subtypes, respectively. In anesthetized dogs, naftopidil selectively inhibited the phenylephrine-induced increase in prostatic pressure compared with mean blood pressure. The selectivity of naftopidil for prostatic pressure was more potent than those of tamsulosin and prazosin. In conscious rabbits, the effect of naftopidil on the blood pressure reactions following the tilting was less potent than those of tamsulosin and prazosin. In clinical studies, naftopidil has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction in patients with BPH. In Japan, naftopidil has been already approved for clinical use as a drug for BPH.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K) -
Takao SHIMAZOE2000 Volume 116 Issue 2 Pages 71-78
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe biological clock mechanism was studied in both non-insulin-dependent and insulin-dependent diabetic model rats. Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used as a non-insulin-dependent model. Streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to 8- to 10-week-old Wistar rats for an insulin-dependent diabetic model. Both young non-diabetic OLETF and STZ-induced diabetic rats needed more days for re-entrainment to a new light-dark cycle than control rats on activity rhythm. In young OLETF rats, dim-light-induced Fos expression (50 and 100 lux) was significantly decreased in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In diabetic OLETF rats, Fos expression was decreased by the exposure of light at 300 lux. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, Fos expression was also decreased by 300 lux of light. In OLETF rats, the phase delay by glutamate application was significantly smaller than that in control rats on the suprachiasmatic nucleus neuronal (SCN) activity rhythms. On the other hand, the same level of phase delay was observed between control and STZ-induced diabetic rats by glutamate application. These results suggest that entrainment function is disordered in OLETF rats before the onset of hyperglycemia. To clarify the entrainment function of STZ-induced diabetic rats, however, further study is necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Jun'ichi SEMBA2000 Volume 116 Issue 2 Pages 79-84
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSSRIs have had a great impact on the diagnosis and treatment of depression, as well as the search for its pathophysiology. Since SSRIs have relatively few adverse effects, it is also effective for treating in a mild forms of depression, which were formerly thought to be treated adequately with only psychotherapy or anti-anxietics. Recent studies on the natural history of depression have revealed the chronicity of this disease. SSRI is now the first-line drug for the continuation and maintenance therapy of depression. Since SSRI primary acts on the serotonergic system, wide use of this drug has questioned the postulated dichotomy of the biological hypothesis of depression, the so-called serotonin depression or norepinephrine depression. A new insight into the monoamine hypothesis of depression has been yielded by SSRI. SSRIs are also effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and social phobia. Thus, SSRIs have also brought new insight into the role of serotonin in the pathophysiology of anxiety.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
Shigetoshi CHIBA2000 Volume 116 Issue 2 Pages 85-92
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDouble-peaked vasoconstrictor responses to periarterial nerve electrical stimulation (PNS) were readily induced in the condition of 30-s trains of pulses in isolated, perfused canine splenic artery, using the cannula insertion technique. P2X Prinoceptors have been shown to be involved mainly in the 1st peak response and α1-adrenoceptors mostly in the 2nd one. A small dose of TTX did not affect the 1st peak, but strongly inhibited the 2nd one, although larger doses of TTX diminished either the 1st or 2nd response. A small dose of guanethidine also inhibited only the 2nd one. The 1st one was inhibited by prolonged cold storage of the vessel. On the other hand, ωCT produced parallel inhibitory effects on the 1st and 2nd peaked responses. A low pulse number of ES only caused the release of purinergic transmitters from sympathetic nerve terminals. The possible role as a transmitter of ATP is discussed in periarterial symphathetic transmission.View full abstractDownload PDF (592K) -
Hiroshi NAKAGAWA, Akio HIURA, Yoshihiro KUBO2000 Volume 116 Issue 2 Pages 93-100
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnexpectedly, despite the profound loss of C-fibers in the dorsal roots of mice injected capsaicin on day 2 of life, they showed normal responses to nociceptive heat. To examine the cause of this conflicting phenomenon, we studied the effect of anti-NGF and NGF on the response to noxious heat in mice pretreated with capsaicin. Capsaicin (50 mg/kg) was injected on the 2nd day of life, and 5 days later, anti-NGF (3 μl/g) was daily injected for 30 days. Capsaicin was also injected on day 10 of life, and NGF (3 μl/g) was daily injected for 30 days from 5 days after treatment. From 10 days after capsaicin treatment, the mice were stimulated by radiant heat (Hargreaves' method) every 10 days up to 60 days and every 20 days from 60 to 80 days. The same test was undertaken in age-matched mice. Withdrawal latencies of the mice treated with both capsaicin and anti-NGF were significantly retarded compared with those of the animals treated with only capsaicin. Thus, it was suggested that the treatment of capsaicin on day 2 induces sprouting from the remaining primary sensory neurons. On the other hand, the latencies of the mice treated with both capsaicin and NGF were short compared with those of the animals treated with only capsaicin. The results may be attributed to the reinforcement of the sprouting from remaining neurons. However, we must not neglect the effect of individual treatment with NGF or anti-NGF.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K)
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